- •1. Basic Assumption of Linguistic analysis and domains of Grammatical Studies
- •2. Noun: gender, number, case
- •There are four types of gender nouns in English.
- •The category of number
- •The category of case of English nouns
- •3. Paradigmatic & Syntagmatic Relations in Grammar
- •4. Noun: Article Determination
- •5. Types of Grammars.
- •6. The Adjective
- •Grammatical Category, Meaning and Form
- •9. Morphemic Structure of the Word.
- •10. Secondary parts. The object
- •11. Grammatical Classes of Words. Parts of Speech.
- •12. Secondary parts. The attribute
- •13. The Verb: Voice, Mood.
- •14. Syntax. Phrases.
- •16. The sentence.
- •17. The Verb: Verbals.
- •18. Functional sentence Perspective (Actual division of the sentence)
- •Irregular comparison
- •20. Composite Sentence as a Polypredicative construction.
- •21. The preposition
- •22. Compound Sentence
- •The conjunction
- •24. Composite sentence. Subject and predicative clauses.
- •25. Indirect speech and Represented Speech.
- •26.Secondary parts. The adverbial modifier.
- •27. The Particle
- •28. Communicative Types of sentences
- •29. Modal words
- •30. Syntactic Relations and Syntactic Connection
- •31. The Interjection
- •2. Extended – Dusk – of a summer night. The grass, this good, soft, lush grass. English spring flowers!
- •33. Parts of Sentence. The main Parts.
- •I can do it. He wants to work.
- •34. The sequence of tenses
- •I told you I’m in a hurry. Somebody asked me where I’m going.
- •35. Adverbial clauses
- •36. Semi-compound sentences
- •37. Attributive clauses
- •38.Semi-complex sentences
- •39.The apposition, Direct Addressis, Parenthesis
- •40. Syndetic Composite sentences.
- •41. Word order
- •42. Asyndetic Composite sentences.
- •I know he is here; This is the man I told you about;
- •43. Object clauses
- •44. Appositional Clause and Parenthetical Clause.
42. Asyndetic Composite sentences.
From the structural point of view sentences are classified as simple and composite. Composite sentences are divided into compound and complex. Composite sentences are a polypredicative construction.
The two main types of the connection of clauses are subordination/coordination. By coordination clauses are arranged as units of syntactically equal rank. By subordination they are arranged as units of unequal rank, one being categorically dominated by the other.
The means of combining clauses are syndetic or asyndetic.
Asyndeton is the omission of conjunctions. Sun was shinning, we went for a walk;
The moat common form of asyndeton is the omission of ‘and’ that usually coordinates clauses of composite sentence.
The wind was fresh and strong; clouds were flying fast.
He was very tired; his face was pale and worn.
So, it’s a stylistic scheme in which conjunctions are omitted from a series of related clauses. Its use can have the effect of speeding up the rhythm of a passage. More generally, an asyndetic coordination is a type of coordination in which no coordinating conjunction is present between the conjuncts.
As we know, a complex sentence consists of a principal clause and one or more subordinate clause. Subordinate clauses are joined to the principal clause by means of subordinate conjunctions, connective words and asyndetically.
I know he is here; This is the man I told you about;
43. Object clauses
Object clauses perform the function of an object to the predicate-verb of the principal clause. An obj.clause may also refer to the predicate of the principle clause but also to the non-finite form of the verb – the infinitive, gerund, participle.Seeing that the baby was sleepy, mother put it to bed.Object clause is introduced by the conjunctions that, if, whether, lest, by conj.pronouns and adverbs Who, whose, how and asyndetically. I know where I left it. If the verb of the principle clause denotes a past action the rules of the sequence of tenses should be observed. The doctor said it was appendicitis.
44. Appositional Clause and Parenthetical Clause.
An attribute expressed by a noun which gives the person or thing another name is called the apposition.
We spoke with Professor Greengard. I want you to shake hands with George Brush, the singer.
Appositive attributive clauses refer to abstract noun disclosing their meaning. They are introduced by conjunctions that, if, whether, lest by conjunctive pronouns and adverbs.
Parenthesis
Parenthesis – words and phrases which have no syntactical ties with the sentence, and express the speaker’s attitude towards what he says.
You are, I’m afraid, far more urgently in need of medical advice than your daughter.
Her singing is something quite exceptional, I think.