I told you I’m in a hurry. Somebody asked me where I’m going.

35. Adverbial clauses

An adverbial clause performs the function of an adverbial modifier. It can modify a verb, an adjective or an adverb in the principal clause. According to their meaning we distinguish the following kinds of adverbial clauses: of time, place, reason, purpose, condition, concession, result, manner, and comparison.

Of time:shows the time of the action expressed in the principal clause. Adverbial clauses of time are expressed by the following conjunctions: when, while, as, till, until, as soon as, as long as, since, after. (My mother died when I was eight years old). Of place:showsthe place of the actionexpressed in the principal clause. Conjunctions: where, wherever.(I’m quite comfortable where I’m).Of reason: shows the cause of the action expressed in the principal clause. Conjunctions: as, because, since, for fear, on the ground that etc.(He is suspicious and jealous for fear anyone else might want to share in his power). Of purpose:state the purpose of the action expressed in the principal clause. Conjunctions: that, in order that, so that, lest.(She kept her back to the window that he might not see her rising color.)Of condition:state the condition which is necessary for the realization of the action expressed in the principal clause. Conjunctions: if, unless, on condition that.(If it rains, we shall stay at home.)Of concession:denotes the presence of some obstacle which nevertheless doesn’t hinder the action expressed in theprincipal clause. Conjunctions: though, although, no matter how, whoever, etc.(Even though we treat her kindly, she is suspicious of us.)Of result:denote the result of the action expressed in the principal clause. Conjunctions: so that. (Edward was so excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.)Of manner: characterize in a general way the action expressed in the principal clause.Conjunction: as.(…she did exactly as he told her.)Of comparison:denote an action with which the action of the principal clause is compared.Conjunctions: than, as, as…as, not so…as, as if.(No one can run faster than Raman.)

36. Semi-compound sentences

The semi-compound sentence is a semi-composite sentence built up on the principle of coordination.the structure of the semi-compound sentence is derivationally to be traced back to minimum two base sentences having an identical element belonging to one or both of their principal syntactic positions, i.e. either the subject,or the predicate or both. By the process of semi-compounding, the sentences overlap round the identical element sharing it in coordinative fusion, which can be either syndetic or asyndetic.Substantially involved in the expression of semi-compounding is a combination of two subjects relating to one predicate when the subjects are discontinuously positioned, so that the first starts the utterance, while the second concludes it with some kind of process-referred introduction.The entrance door stood open, and also the door of the living-room. —» The entrance door stood open.+ The door of the living-room stood also open.The semi-compound sentence of predicate coordination is derived from minimum two base sentences having identical subjects. By the act of semi-compounding, one of the base sentences in most cases of textual occurrence becomes the leading clause of complete structure, while the other one is transformed into the sequential coordinate semi-clause (expansion) referring to the same subject.The soldier was badly wounded. +The soldier stayed in the ranks. → The soldier was badly wounded, but stayed in the ranks. He tore the photograph in half. + He threw the photograph in the fire. → He tore the photograph in half and threw it in the fire.