11. Unnecessary repetition

The invention of the. laser greatly expanded the power of scientific researh tremendously.

А В С D

Відповідь — D (greatly та tremendously означають одне i те саме).

12. Parallel structures

These people are famous for their unique language, colorful costumes, and independent.

А В С D

Відповідь — D (правильно — independence).

Appendix XI 217

13. Word order

This process requires the use of 10 muscles different.

А В С D

Відповідь — D (правильно — different muscles).

Корисно запам'ятати правило порядку слів у словосполученні, яке складається з багатьох компонентів:

OpShACOM — Opinion, Shape, Age, Color, Origin, Material

an interesting new American magazine.

opinion age origin

Tips on Section 3

This section tests the ability to understand meanings of words and reading materials.

Part A.

Example

An event of momentous proportion prevented me from arriving on time.

(A) important

(B) trivial

(C) strong

(D) influential

Відповідь — А. Зверніть увагу на т.зв. «фальшивих друзів перекладача» типу:

momentous — важливий, а не моментальний data - дані, а не дата decade - десятиріччя, а не декада complexion — колір обличчя, а не комплекція.

technicalassistance - консулътації, консультативна допомога

Part В.

1. All information needed to answer the questions is given in the passages.

2. Previous vocabulary knowledge is helpful for the readings. The topics are usually from science and technology (55%), arts (music, literature — 25%), U.S. Government and History (20%). Therefore, any extensive reading in these areas is helpful.

3. There are seven types of questions which normally occur:

a) main idea

(The main theme of the passage is ... , What does the passage mainly discuss?

With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

What is the main topic of the passage?

Which of the following is the best title for the passage? etc.)

b) factual (dates, figures etc.)

c) inference

(What is the author's viewpoint/attitude/tone? It can be inferred from the passage that ... The author implies that ... )

d) vocabulary;

e) asking what a word refers to;

f) identifying what the author did NOT say;

g) asking the topic of the previous or following paragraph.

4. Extensive paraphrasing is used.

5. There are several strategies. Use the one that you think works best for you.

Strategy #1

a) Scan the entire passage for general meaning. Don't worry about understanding every word.

b) Now read the passage carefully.

c) Read each question and scan back for the answer.