
- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •96 Chapter 5
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •Noteworthy
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •152 Chapter 9
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •Are used with the following verbs:
- •Use gerund with the following expressions
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •I scored second highest in _______________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •180 Chapter 10 uNscientifically speaking... Theorem:
- •It doesn't matter if something I buy turns out to be a mistake and unreturnable, because three years ago I found fifty dollars on the street, so that balances everything out!
- •182 Chapter 11
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •194 Appendix I
- •Initiate the discussion
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •216 Appendix XI
- •6. Articles and Singular/Plural Nouns
- •11. Unnecessary repetition
- •12. Parallel structures
- •13. Word order
- •Tips on Section 3
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
150 Chapter 9
Exercise 1. Give English equivalents of:
морські рослини та тварини; важливе джерело; поряд з; тверде паливо; кислотний дощ; забруднення повітря; найчистіше паливо; альтернативні джерела енергії; енергія припливу та відпливу; перші спроби починають запроваджуватись у життя; приборкувати; майже необмежені можливості; джерела енергії, що поновлюються; зменшувати небезпеку для довкілля.
Exercise 2. a. Make some predictions about the world electricity consumption if present trends continue.
World Consumption of Electricity (106 GWh) |
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Chapter 9 151
В. What does comparison of world energy consumption by source reveal?
World Energy Consumption — 1970
Total: 206.7 Quadrillion Btu |
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152 Chapter 9
GRAMMAR: VERBALS
INFINITIVE
Tenses |
Active |
Passive |
Simple (Indefinite) |
to do |
to be done |
Progressive (Continuous) |
to be doing |
— |
Perfect |
to have done |
to have been done |
Perfect Progressive (Continuous) |
to have been doing |
— |
Infinitive in a Sentence
Subject Частина присудка
Object Додаток
Attribute Означення |
To explain this phenomenon is not easy. Пояснити це явище — нелегка справа. То err is human. Людині властиво помилятися.
Our aim is to master English. Наша мета — вивчити англійську мову. |
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We are to study English. We have to study English. |
Ми повинні вчити англійську мову. |
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They had to work hard. Їм довелося напружено працювати. You must have read this article. Мабуть, ви прочитали цю статтю. You could have done it better. Ви могли б зробити це краще.
Science teaches us to create. Наука вчить нас творити. * * * |
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The article to be translated is here. Стаття, яку треба перекласти, знаходиться тут. The problem to be solved is extremely difficult. Проблема, яку треба вирішити, дуже складна. The conference to be followed by an exhibition is to take place tomorow. Конференщя, яка буде супроводжуватися роботою виставки, має відбутися завтра. |
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Не was the first (scientist) to study this phenomenon. the last the next the only Він був першим (вченим), хто вивчав це явище. останнім наступним єдиним. _____________________________ * * * Передається значення необхідності дії, зокрема , у майбутньому. |
Chapter 9 153
Adverbial Modifiers Обставини
Parentheses Вставні слова |
You must study hard (in order) to excel. Ви повинні наполегливо вчитися, аби досягги успіху (бути кращим). This method is (not) accurate enough to give reliable results. Цей метод (не)достатньо точний, щоб за його допомоги отримати надійні результати. These details are too important to be neglected. Ці деталі надто важливі, щоб ними нехтувати. |
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Hydrogen and oxygen unite |
to make to form to yield to bring about to produce to give (rise to) |
water. |
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Кисень та водень поєднуються, утворюючи (з утворенням) води.
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to sum up to summarize |
підсумовуючи |
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to begin with — почнемо з того, що to be on the safe side* — про всяк випадок to put it another way — інакше кажучи |
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to say nothing of not to mention |
не кажучи вже про |
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so to say/speak — так би мовити that is to say — тобто to put it briefly — коротше кажучи |
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. It is never too late to learn.
2. Newton was the first to realize the universality of gravity.
3. The subject is important enough to be discussed in full detail.
4. These methods are to be described in the next chapter.
5. Jenny was the first architect to use a steel frame in a tall building.
6. Water is to be purified to meet our needs.
7. The intention of the author is to show some newly developed methods.
8. Elisha Otis was the first to demonstrate a steam-powered elevator in New York in 1853.
9. These factors combine to make the problem very complicated.
10. To be on the safe side, we are to take into consideration everything.
11. The two guantities are added to yield the desired result.
12. This is the rule not to be forgotten.
13. She was the last to join our group.
14. The problem is too complex to be solved right away.
15. To get the best results, follow the directions carefully.
16. To know everything is to know nothing.