- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •96 Chapter 5
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •Noteworthy
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •152 Chapter 9
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •Are used with the following verbs:
- •Use gerund with the following expressions
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •I scored second highest in _______________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •180 Chapter 10 uNscientifically speaking... Theorem:
- •It doesn't matter if something I buy turns out to be a mistake and unreturnable, because three years ago I found fifty dollars on the street, so that balances everything out!
- •182 Chapter 11
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •194 Appendix I
- •Initiate the discussion
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •216 Appendix XI
- •6. Articles and Singular/Plural Nouns
- •11. Unnecessary repetition
- •12. Parallel structures
- •13. Word order
- •Tips on Section 3
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
General usage of articles:
Nouns |
Articles |
||
|
a |
the |
Ø |
single countable |
a book |
the book |
— |
plural countable |
— |
the books |
books |
uncountable |
— |
the water |
water |
14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
a |
the |
Ø |
|||
a couple of a dozen a pair of |
at/to the office to the movies to the theater |
at work at home at/to school |
|||
a lot of a great deal a great many a host of |
the first the second(...) the last the ...est (the best, the biggest; the most...) |
part of
in stable condition according to contract in rush hour |
|||
a hundred a thousand |
|
|
|||
two times |
a day an hour |
|
by bus/car/train on foot |
||
what such |
a + countable noun |
|
face to face arm in arm |
||
such what |
a promising approach! |
(the) so-called from beginning to end |
|||
Articles with proper names
|
Ø |
the |
a |
Cities, states |
Paris, London, New Jersey, Ohio |
Exception: the Hague |
|
Streets, squares, avenues, roads, boulevards |
Green Street, First Avenue, Peach Boulevard |
Exception: the Strand |
|
Countries (use «the» when they have a plural name and are viewed as unions) |
Canada, France, Ukraine |
the Philippines, the United Kingdom
|
|
(the) USA |
|||
Geographic areas (regions) |
|
the Orient, the Middle East, the Crimea |
|
Continents |
Europe, Asia, South America, Africa |
|
|
Mountains, mountain peaks |
Mount Everest |
Exception: the Matterhorn |
|
Mountain ranges |
|
the Rocky Mountains, the Alps |
|
Lakes |
Lake Michigan |
|
|
Lakes when they form a set |
|
the Great Lakes |
|
Rivers |
|
the Danube |
|
Oceans and seas |
|
the Atlantic Ocean, the Black Sea |
|
Gulfs |
|
the Gulf of Mexico |
|
Bays |
San Francisco Bay |
|
|
Chapter 1 15
Canals |
|
the Erie canal |
|
Planets |
Mars, Venus |
Exceptions: the Sun, the Moon, (the) Earth |
|
Separate islands |
Jamaica |
|
|
Chains of islands |
|
the Canary Islands |
|
Deserts |
|
the Gobi desert |
|
Parks |
Central Park |
|
|
Tourist attractions, famous buildings, monuments, |
Exception: Disneyland |
the White House, the National Gallery, |
|
Museums, libraries |
|
the Library of Congress |
|
with universities, colleges, schools beginning with a proper noun |
Harvard University, Lambton college |
|
|
with universities, colleges, schools beginning with «university», «school», «college» |
|
the University of Virginia, the college of arts and sciences |
|
Names of magazines |
Time magazine |
|
|
Names of historic documents |
|
the Treaty of Geneva |
|
Names of wars (except World Wars) |
World War I |
the War of Independence |
|
names of ships, Trains, airplanes |
|
the Orient express |
|
names of scientific methods: a) well-known and established (the) b) those still not recognized by everyone (Ø) |
Green method |
the Montessori method |
|
proper names a) denoting family as a whole (the) as opposed To separate name (Ø) b) specifying maiden name (a) |
Ann Johnson |
the Johnsons |
She was a Brown before marriage. |
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with «the», «a», «an», or leave blank.
1. May I have a look at ___ book that I brought yesterday?
2. She is ___ chemist.
3. John likes __ rice.
4. Ann has decided to become ___ engineer, while Mike and Andrew would rather become __ geographers.
5. Where is ___ coffee that we bought last week?
6. ___ teachers want ___ students to succeed.
7. ___ water is essential for life.
8. Please pass ___ pepper.
9. ___ word processors can check ___ spelling.
10. In 1816 a Scottish natural philosopher invented ___ kaleidoscope.