
- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •96 Chapter 5
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •Noteworthy
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •152 Chapter 9
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •Are used with the following verbs:
- •Use gerund with the following expressions
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •I scored second highest in _______________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •180 Chapter 10 uNscientifically speaking... Theorem:
- •It doesn't matter if something I buy turns out to be a mistake and unreturnable, because three years ago I found fifty dollars on the street, so that balances everything out!
- •182 Chapter 11
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •194 Appendix I
- •Initiate the discussion
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •216 Appendix XI
- •6. Articles and Singular/Plural Nouns
- •11. Unnecessary repetition
- •12. Parallel structures
- •13. Word order
- •Tips on Section 3
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
1. Indirect Passive:
a. She gave her sister a book.
object 1 object 2
(indirect) (direct)
A book was given to her sister, (direct passive) Her sister was given a book. (indirect passive)
Scientists were invited to the conference.
Вчених запросили на конференцію.
They were shown brand-new equipment.
Їм показали найновіше обладнання.
2. Prepositional Passive
a. The terms were insisted on.
На строках наполягали.
The lecture was followed by a discussion.
За лекціею йшла дискусія.
The lecture was Sue-ceded by another one.
За однією лекщею йшла інша.
The conference was preceded by preliminary arrangements.
Конференції передувала попередня підготовка (або: перед конференцією було проведено підготовку).
All manufacturing processes are subject/subjected to change.
Усі технологічні процеси зазнають змін.
The resolution was objected to by almost everyone.
Проти резолюції були майже yci.
b.
-
They
make use
object
of a device
object
-
Use is made of a device.
A device is made use of.
Прилад використовують.
-
They
take steps
object
to improve the situation.
Вживають заходів для поліпшення ситуації.
Steps are taken to improve the situation.
122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
Suffixes -able. -ibie:
Much of our work is predicted in theory, which is demonstrable but not provable.
Значну частину нашоії роботи було передбачено у теорії, яку можна продемонструвати, але не довести.
Suffix -ее:
nominee — той, кого призначають
attendee — той, хто мае бути присутнім
Phrases:
to be exposed to — зазнавати |
|
The issue under consideration - питання, що розглядаеться |
under consideration in question |
— (те), що розглядаеться |
The problems in question — проблеми, що розглядаються |
The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
-
to answer
to promise
to offer
to invite
to affect
відповідати
обіцяти
пропонувати
запрошувати
впливати (на)
to follow to succeed |
іти слідом (за) |
to allow to permit |
дозволяти |
to join to connect to link |
з'єднувати, поєднувати |
-
to influence
to tell
to speak
to report
to watch
to precede
впливати
казати
говорити
повідомляти
спостерігати
передувати
to ask to ask a question to pose a question |
питати, ставити питання |
to depend on to rely on |
покладатися на |
-
to object to
to think of/about
to call for
to agree upon
to comment on
to insist on/upon
заперечувати
думати (про)
вимагати
погоджуватися
коментувати
наполягати (на)
Chapter 7 123
to do away with to get rid of |
|
покінчити (з)
посилати (за) пояснювати, ураховувати (зважати)
використовувати посилатися (на) згадувати (про) робити внесок розглядати приділяти увагу звертати увагу робити спробу робити зусилля наголошувати (на)
скористатися (перевагою) скористатися (можливістю) вживати заходів турбуватися (про), вживати застережних (запобіжних) заходів |
to send for to account for
to use — to make use of to refer — to make reference to to mention — to make mention of to contribute — to make contribution to consider — to give consideration to to pay/give/draw/call attention to to take notice/note of to make attempt to make effort to lay/place emphasis (on)
to take advantage of to take opportunity of to take steps to take care of |
The Get-Passive is used in spoken and informal English. The get-passive is used with verbs denoting ONLY actions and processes, NOT states. The get-passive is more common with animate subjects (usually actively involved in a process):
The President was elected last year. The President got elected last year.
Compare:
They will get married next week. (action, process) |
They have been married for 7 years. (state) |
Exercise 3. Translate Ukrainian sentences. Then match the two columns:
1. Цю проблему треба вирішити (розв'язати). 2. Bci спостереження зробила група відомих вчених. 3. Професору поставили багато запитань. 4. Експеримент провели минулого тижня. 5. Відвідувачів приймають щодня. 6. Проект критикувало багато людей. 7. Проблему вперше усвідомили декілька років тому. 8. Йому не треба казати двічі. 9. Фармацевтичній промисловості приділяють багато уваги. 10. Про цю нову теорію багато говорять та пишуть. 11. Пішли чутки, що йому запропонували фінансову підтримку. 12. У Канаді розмовляють англійською та французькою мовами. 13. Нас попросили прийти якомога раніше. |
A. English and French are spoken in Canada. B. Visitors are received every day. C. He doesn't need to be told twice. D. The problem was first recognized several years ago. E. Professor was asked a lot of questions. F. Pharmaceutical industry is paid great attention to. G. This new theory is much spoken and written about. H. The project was sharply criticized by many people. I. It was rumored that he was offered financial support. J. The problem must be solved. K. This experiment was made last week. L. We were asked to come as early as possible. M. All observations were made by a team of well-known scientists. |