Unit 3_________________________________________Ventilation

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1. Do the following tasks trying to memorize as many terms as possible commonly used in the field of ventilation.

A. Translate the terms in the table below paying attention to their contextual meaning.

Aerosol	Particles (solid or liquid) that remain suspended in air for a period of time. Aerosols include mists, smokes, fumes, and dusts.
Allergen	A substance capable of causing an allergic reaction because of an individual's sensitivity to that substance.
Biological Contaminants	Agents derived from, or that are, living organisms (e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens) that can be inhaled and can cause many types of health effects including allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases, and infectious diseases.
Breathing Zone	Area of a room in which occupants breathe as they stand, sit, or lie down.
Commissioning	Start-up of a building that includes testing and adjusting HVAC, electrical, plumbing, and other systems to assure proper functioning and adherence to design criteria. Commissioning also includes the instruction of building representatives in the use of the building systems.
Contaminant	A harmful, irritating material that is foreign to the normal atmosphere.
Dampers	Controls that vary airflow through an air outlet, inlet, or duct. A damper position may be immovable, manually adjustable or part of an automated control system.
Density	Density is the weight of a unit volume of a substance: Air = 0.075 pounds per cubic foot (1.2 kg/cubic meter) Water = 62.3 pounds per cubic foot (1 kg/liter)
Diffuser	An air outlet; sometimes associated with an inlet air register; constructed of perforated metal plates to discharge and mix supply air with ambient room air.
Drain Trap	A dip in the drain pipe of sinks, toilets, floor drains, etc., which is designed to stay filled with water, thereby preventing sewer gases from escaping into the room.
Duct	A thin walled' low.
Dust	Mechanically produced solid particles (e.g. from crushing, drilling, grinding, sweeping, or handling of solid materials).
Fume	Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state, generally after volatilization' from melteusubstance (e.g. welding), and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Gases and vapours are not fumes.
Mist	An aerosol consisting of liquid particles generated by condensation of a substance from the gaseous to the liquid state.
Organic Compounds	Chemicals that contain carbon. Volatile organic compounds vaporize at room temperature and pressure. They are found in many indoor sources, including many common household products and building materials.
Plenum	Air compartment connected to a duct or ducts.
Specific Gravity	This is the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a substance to the mass of the same volume of a standard substance. For example, Specific Gravity of Water = 1.0 at 39.2°F
Unit Ventilator	A fan-coil unit package device for applications in which the use of outdoor- and return-air mixing is intended to satisfy tempering requirements and ventilation needs.
Vapour	The gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature and pressure.

B. Match the terms including the word “air” with their definitions. Translate them into Russian.

Air

a) Air Changes Per Hour	g) Air Cleaner
b) Air Cleaning	h) Air Exchange Rate
c) Air Handling Unit (AHU)	i) Air Passages
d) Conditioned Air	j) Constant Air Volume Systems
e) Return Air	k) Make-up Air (Replacement Air)
f) Outdoor Air Supply	l) Variable Air Volume System (VAV)

1. The number of times indoor air is theoretically replaced by outdoor air during an hour.

2. An IAQ control strategy to remove various airborne particulates and/or gases from the air. The three types of air cleaning most commonly used are particulate filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and gas sorption.

3. Equipment that includes a blower or fan, heating and/or cooling coils, and related equipment such as controls, condensate drain pans, and air filters. Does not include ductwork, registers or grilles, or boilers and chillers.

4. Air that is returned from the primary space to the fan for re-circulation.

5. Air handling system that conditions the air to constant temperature and varies the outside airflow to ensure thermal comfort.

6. A device to separate contaminants from an air stream. Examples include filters, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and cyclones.

7. Air brought into a building from the outdoors (often through the ventilation system) that has not been previously circulated through the system. Also known as "Make-Up Air."

8. Openings through or within walls, through floors and ceilings, and around chimney flues and plumbing chases, that permit air to move out of the conditioned spaces of the building.

9. Air that has been heated, cooled, humidified, or dehumidified to maintain an interior space within the "comfort zone."

10. The rate at which outside air replaces indoor air in a space. Expressed in one of two ways: the number of changes of outside air per unit of time air changes per hour (ACH); or the rate at which a volume of outside air enters per unit of time -cubic feet per minute (cfm).

11. Air supplied to a space to replace exhausted air.

12. Air handling system that provides a constant air flow while varying the temperature to meet heating and cooling needs.

C. Match the terms including the word “pressure” with their definitions. Translate them into Russian.

Pressure

a) Negative Pressure	e) Positive Pressure
b) Pressure, Absolute	f) Pressure, Atmospheric
c) Pressure, Gauge	g) Pressure, Static
d) Pressure, Total	h) Pressure Drop (Differential Pressure, *P)

1. Condition that exists when more air is supplied to a space than is exhausted, so the air pressure within that space is greater than that in surrounding areas. Under this condition, if an opening exists, air will flow from the positively pressurized space into surrounding areas.

2. It is a term used to characterize the reduction in air pressure between any two points in the ventilation duct network. It occurs as the compressed air travels through filters and ducts. In airflow system, the energy is measured as "pressure drop."

3. The total pressure measured in relation to a perfect vacuum. The sum of atmospheric and gauge pressures.

4. Condition that exists when less air is supplied to a space than is exhausted from the space, so the air pressure within that space is less than that in surrounding areas. Under this condition, if an opening exists, air will flow from surrounding areas into the negatively pressurized space.

5. The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on a given area. It is measured in units of pascals (Pa) or torr (millimetres of mercury). The normal atmospheric pressure is 760 torr or 101 kilopascals (kPa).

6. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges. Generally it gives air pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. It can show a negative pressure (less than atmosphere), or positive (greater than atmosphere.)

7. In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure. The portion of the pressure that pushes equally in all directions.

8. In flowing air, the sum of the static pressure and the velocity pressure.

D. Give the Russian equivalents to the following abbreviations.

1) CFM (cubic feet per minute) - _______________________________

2) HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter - a filter designed to remove 99.97% of specific type particulate material (0.3 micrometers in diameter) from air) - _________________________________________

3) HVAC (Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system) - _______

4) IAQ (indoor air quality) - ___________________________________

5) VOCs (Compounds that vaporize (become a gas) at room temperature. Common sources which may emit VOCs into indoor air include housekeeping and maintenance products, and building and furnishing materials. In sufficient quantities, VOCs can cause eye, nose, and throat irritations, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, memory impairment; some are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.) - ______________________________________________________

E. Match the terms with their definitions. Translate them into Russian.

a) fan	d) capture velocity	g) diffusers and grillers
b) hood	e) drain tile loop	h) environmental agents
c) building envelope	f) odour threshold	i) oxygen deficiency

1. Elements of the building, including all external building materials, windows, and walls, that enclose the internal space.

2. The air velocity required to capture suspended dusts or aerosols and draw them into an exhaust hood.

3. Components of the ventilation system that distribute and return air to promote air circulation in the occupied space. Supply air enters a space through a diffuser or vent and return air leaves a space through a grille.

4. A continuous length of drain tile or perforated pipe extending around all or part of the internal or external perimeter of a basement or crawlspace footing

5. Conditions other than indoor air contaminants that cause stress, comfort, and/or health problems (e.g., humidity extremes, drafts, lack of air circulation, noise, and over-crowding).

6. A device designed to contain and/or capture aerosols and direct them to the exhaust duct network.

7. A mechanical device which causes air movement.

8. The lowest concentration of an air contaminant that can be detected by smell.

9. Concentration of oxygen in the ambient air of less than 19.5% by volume.