- •Theoretical grammar
- •The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
- •Kinds of Theoretical Grammar
- •Theoretical approaches to language data interpretation
- •Main grammatical notions
- •1.3.1. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.
- •1.3.2. Grammatical categories.
- •Subdivision of Language Levels’
- •General characteristics of the contemporary English language system
- •Characteristics of English:
- •Kinds of Morphemes
- •2.2. Principles of subdivision of parts of speech
- •1.Henry Sweet (19th century), an English linguist
- •2. Jence Otto Harry Jespersen (1860-1943), a Danish linguist
- •3. Charls Freez (19th-20th century), an American linguist
- •4. Lev Scherba (1880-1944), a Russian (Soviet) linguist,
- •2.3. Classification of parts of speech
- •2.4. Theory of the field structure of the word.
- •3.2. Subcategorization of the Noun.
- •The first classification of nouns
- •The second classification of nouns
- •3.3. Grammatical categories of the Noun.
- •The problem of the Gender of the English Noun.
- •The category of the Number.
- •The category of Case.
- •Comparing Grammatical Forms of the cases of the Latin and English Noun
- •4.1. Interpretation of the status of the English Article
- •4.2. The problem of the number of articles (how many morphological forms the Article can be presented in)
- •4.3. Functions and significance of the Article
- •5.2. Word-formative and word-changing systems of the Verb
- •5.3. Classification of verbs
- •5.3.1. Morphological Classification
- •Scheme of Morphological Classification of Verbs
- •5.3.2. Semantic Classification
- •Scheme of the 1st Semantic Classification of Verbs
- •Scheme of the 2nd Semantic Classification of Verbs
- •5.3.3. Syntactic Classification
- •Scheme of Syntactic Classification of Verbs
- •5.4. Grammatical Categories of the English Verb General Characteristics of the Categories of the English Verb
- •I Categories of the Finite Verbs
- •Terms that are used to name Forms of the Verb that do not make agree with Persons
- •6.2. The Paradigm of the Non-Finite Forms
- •6.3. Functions and Significance of the Non-Finite Forms
- •7.2. Classification of Word-combinations
- •Examples of types of word-combinations
- •Syntactic Location;
- •Morphological Form
- •Presence or absence of Syntacategorematic words
- •7.2. Classification of sentences. Structural Approach.
- •General Structure of the Simple Sentence
- •7.3. Semantics of the Sentence. Relevant Model.
- •Correspondence of Semantic Roles and their syntactic realisation
- •Practice I
- •Test I (teacher’s copy)
- •Test I (s)
- •Practice I Main grammar notions Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. Grammar categories
Test I (s)
The task: match an item from the left column with its explanation given in the right one.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar |
|||
1 |
Grammar elements |
A analyzes language data, interprets them, expound the data but does not give instructions as for the use of them |
|
2 |
Grammar structure |
B scribes definite rules for the use of a language (gives instruction for the use of language data, teaches how to speak and write) |
|
3 |
The subject of English Theoretical Grammar |
C is an adequate systematic (methodic) description of language facts and also their theoretical interpretation |
|
4 |
The main task of Theoretical Grammar |
D implies relations and connections among grammar elements or inner organization of the language grammar system |
|
5 |
Practical Grammar |
E refers to the study of the English Language grammar organization as a system parts of which are mutually connected with definite relations of different types of complexity (complication, complicacy)
|
|
6 |
Theoretical Grammar |
F refer to morphemes, words, word-combinations and sentences
|
|
Kinds of Theoretical Grammar |
|||
7 |
Distributive Grammar
|
G researches relations of signs and non-language objects that are marked with language categories and grammar forms |
|
8 |
Transformative Grammar |
H brings its attention to the influence of psychology on the use of grammar forms |
|
9 |
Logical Grammar |
I concentrates its attention at the relations among grammar forms |
|
10 |
Situated Grammar |
J gives a way to make language facts be brought to light and classified |
|
11 |
Psychological Grammar
|
K searches how one language facts transfer into other and one grammar forms appear from others |
|
12 |
Structural (Formal) Theoretical grammar |
L emphasizes connections between grammar categories and categories of thinking |
|
13 |
Semantic Theoretical grammar |
M studies relations among syntagmatic elements |
|
14 |
Static method |
N includes Logical, Psychological and Situated Grammar |
|
15 |
Dynamic method |
O includes Distributive and Transforming Grammar
|
|
Main grammar notions. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations |
|||
16 |
Syntagmatic relations |
P unite language elements that can replace each other for they belong to a class of elements that has a general similarity. |
|
17 |
Paradigmatic relations |
Q can not replace each other for they belong to the different grammar categories |
|
18 |
Adjacent language elements |
S refer to the ones of similarity |
|
19 |
Paradigmatic language elements |
T
refer to the ones of contiguity |
|
Grammar categories |
|||
20 |
Grammar Meaning |
U presents a peculiar reflection of reality and cannot include less than two opposite or properly correlated Grammar Forms |
|
21 |
Grammar Form |
V is a generalized or abstract propriety of a class of words and unites big groups of classes of words |
|
22 |
Grammar Category |
W refrers to a material expression of Grammar Meaning (expression of inflexion)
|
|
General characteristics of the contemporary English language system |
|||
23 |
Synthetic Language |
X Grammar relations of words are expressed by the forms of these very words. A meaningful word alters and presents its new forms to express grammar relations. |
|
24 |
Analytical Language |
Y A meaningful word is not able to alter. For that other words are used – auxiliaries. They help to express grammar relations or combine words in phrases or sentences. Peculiarity: auxiliary element (auxiliary verb) does not have a lexical meaning; notional verb does have that.
|
|
25 |
Eight general characteristics of English |
Z
|
|