- •Lection 4.
- •4. Translate the following into Russian. State from what languages the following expressions and shortenings are borrowed:
- •Lection 5.
- •3. Form verbs with the following prefixes, translate them into Russian:
- •4. The Prefix tells the Number.
- •Lection 6.
- •8. Write in full the shortened words. Define the type of shortening.
- •9. Translate the following reduplicative compounds. Memorize them.
Lection 4.
1. Consult the glossary of terms and give the definitions of the following words:
1) assimilation is a modification of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant;
2) borrowings are words and phrases that have been copied from another language;
3) collocability is the tendency or legitimacy of words to occur together in a collocation;
4) doublets are words originating from the same etymological source, but differing in phonemic shape and in meaning;
5) international words are words of identical origin that occur in several languages as a result of simultaneous or successive borrowings from one ultimate source;
6) pseudo-international words are some words which have no semantic proximity and which are similar
in form but completely different in meaning.
2. State the origin of the following translation loans (заимствования). Comment on their meaning in connection with their origin. Translate them into Russian.
1) Shock-workers - ударник (работник с очень высокой производительностью труда); the term is derived from the expression "udarny trud" for "superproductive, enthusiastic labour" in the Soviet Union and the other countries from the Soviet Block.
Collective farm - колхоз, коллективное хозяйство; is type of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise, the Soviet Union 1931-1990.
Wonder child - вундеркинд; from German «Wunderkind»; is someone who, at an early age, develops one or more skills at a level far beyond the norm for their age.
Self-criticism - самокритика; it was used in some systems of communism when important communist party members forced to undergo «self-criticism» sessions to understand what mistakes they made
Social work - работа в сфере социальных проблем, from Russian
Rural correspondent - сельский корреспондент (редактор в сельской газете), from Russian
Stellar brothers - звездные братья, космонавты (military terminology) from Russian
Masterpiece - шедевр, образцовое изделие; a loan-translation of Dutch meesterstuk "work by which a craftsman attains the rank of master"
2) Blood and iron policy - политика железа и крови; German: Blut und Eisen is the title of a speech by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories.
Scrap of paper - клочок бумаги
Iron fist - железная хватка; the British Army's 20th Armoured Brigade (The Iron Fist) is an armoured formation currently based in Sennelager, northern Germany, as part of the 1st (UK) Armoured Division.
Concentration camp - концентрационный лагерь; prisons for dissidents and minorities in Nazi Germany from 1934
3. Compare the meaning of the following Russian and English words. Consult the dictionary and give other meanings of these words. Use them in sentences of your own.
character |
1) характер: He has a cheerful but quiet character. |
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2) герой, действующее лицо: Everyone recognizes Disney’s cartoon character. |
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3) моральное качество: It takes strength of character to admit you are wrong. |
idea |
1) идея: She is full of bright and fantastic ideas. |
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2) общее представление, понятие о чем-либо: We didn’t have the slightest idea of it. |
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3) мнение, суждение, взгляд: This is not my idea of a good book. |
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4) план, намерение: She had the idea of starting her own business. |
act |
1) акт, дело, поступок: He committed an act of folly (глупость). |
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2) закон, постановление: This act of Parliament has changed an existing law. |
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3) сцена, действие напоказ: His anger was real and it wasn’t an act. |
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4) акт, действие в опере, драме, номер: I arrived at the theatre late and missed the first act. |
agent |
1) агент, представитель, посредник: Our agent in Rio deals with all our Brazilian business. |
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2) агент, шпион: He was suspected of being a double agent. |
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3) действующая сила, фактор, средство: Technological advances are the chief agents of change. |
agitator |
агитатор: Sometimes political agitators can make people move. |
magazine |
1) журнал: She’s the editor of a popular women’s magazine. |
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2) склад боеприпасов, вещевой склад: The magazines are bursting with goods. |
imitate |
1) имитировать, подражать: She was a splendid mimic and loved to imitate politicians. |
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2) фальсифицировать, подделывать: He was sent to prison because of imitating jewels. |
object |
1) объект, предмет: I see an object in the distance. |
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2) цель: Their object is to investigate the matter thoroughly. |
realize |
1) реализовывать, выполнять: She finally realized her goal. |
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2) представлять себе, осознавать: I realized how my words had been distorted (исказить). |
conductor |
1) кондуктор |
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2) гид, проводник: I will make a tour of the city with the Russian conductor. |
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3) канал, артерия: Congo is the chief conductor of trade into the centre of Africa. |
speculate |
1) спекулировать |
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2) обдумывать, размышлять: She was speculating about future of her son. |
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3) полагать, предполагать: He refused to speculate about what might happen. |
illuminate |
1) иллюминировать |
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2) освещать, озарять: The shop window was illuminated with strings of coloured lights. |
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3) разъяснять, проливать свет на что-либо: The scientists try to illuminate the mystery of the creation of the Universe. |
immunity |
1) иммунитет |
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2) неприкосновенность: The State Duma members have a diplomatic immunity. |
incident |
1) инцидент: The demonstration passed off without incidents. |
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2) случай, происшествие, случайность: Roads were sealed (оцеплять) off because of a major incident. |
principal |
1) принципиальный |
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2) главный, основной: His principal reason for making this journey was to visit his family. |