4. The causes of deviant behavior and ways of overcoming

In the sociology of deviant behavior are several directions that explain the causes of such behavior. Robert Merton, using advanced by Emile Durkheim the concept of "anomie" (state of society, when old norms and values ​​do not correspond to real relations, and the new one haven’t been accept yet ), cause behavior that deviates, consider disagreement between the objectives put forward the public and the features it offers for their achievements. Another trend emerged in the theory of conflict. Under this point of view, cultural behavior patterns that are rejected if they are based on the norms of another culture. For example, the criminal is regarded as the bearer of a particular subculture, conflicting ruling on this type of public culture.

In modern domestic sociology undoubted interest is the position Y. Hilinskoho. He thinks that a source of deviation in the presence of social inequality, a high degree of differences in opportunities to meet the needs of different social groups. Each position has a right to exist, so that makes it really cut the existing social relations. At the same time, the authors combined the desire to find a single source of causation for various forms of deviations.

General pattern behavior that deviates, stands the fact of a sustainable relationship between different forms of deviations. These relationships can be kind of induction of several forms of social pathology, when one phenomenon increases the other one. For example, alcohol enhances bullying. In other cases, however, established inverse correlation dependence (level of murder and suicide) [5]. Professor V. Ivanov identifies the following reasons deviation as the changes in social relations of society that got reflected in the concept of "marginalization", its instability, "intermediate", "passing" spreading all sorts of social pathologies.

"The main feature of marginalization - wrote E. Starikov – it is a break of social ties, and the" classical "case consistently break the economic, social and spiritual connections." Economic ties are broken in the first place and first place is restored. Spiritual connections are slower in restored, because they depend on the famous "revaluation of values" [2]. Another group of reasons related to the spread of various social pathologies. In particular, the growth of mental illness, alcoholism, drug abuse, deterioration of the genetic fund of the population. It should be noted that among the various social deviations received widespread recent social parasitism in the form of vagrancy, begging and prostitution. It is characterized by progressive resistance, which makes a similar social variations in lifestyle (refusal to participate in socially useful work, focus especially on unearned income). The risk of parasitism is dangerous in any form. For example, people involved in vagrancy and begging, often act as intermediaries in distributing drugs, making theft, helping to sell stolen goods.

Basic mechanisms of social control: 1) proper control, carried out outside including through penalties and other sanctions, 2) internal control- enabled internalization of social norms and values 3) indirect control caused by identification with the law-abiding reference group 4) "control" based on a wide variety of ways criminal goals and needs, illegal or immoral alternative. [2]

Only in the most general form, you can define a strategy of social control:

• substitution, replacement of the most dangerous forms of social pathology socially useful and / or neutral

• direction of social activity in public approval, or a neutral line

• legalization (as a rejection of criminal or administrative proceedings) "crime without victims" (homosexuality, prostitution, vagrancy, alcoholism, drugs)

• creation of organizations (services) social assistance: suicidological, drug, gerontology.