MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, YOUTH AND SPORT OF UKRAINE

DRAGOMANOV NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chair of Foreign language

REPORT

Topic : «Merton's Typology of Deviant Behavior»

Perfomed by:

Zaychenko Sergey

Kyiv – 2012

Context

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………. 3

1. Concept deviation. Subject and object

of social deviation……………………………………………………4

2. Typology of Deviance by Robert Merton …………………………...5

3. Merton's Paradigm of Deviant Behavior in Society…………………6

4. Causes of deviant behavior and ways to overcome………………….8

CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………..10 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………….11

Introduction

Actuality of the topic. Deviant behavior, understood as a violation of social norms, acquired in recent years, massive and put this issue in the focus of sociologists, social psychologists, physicians, law enforcement officials. Explain the causes, conditions and factors that determine a social phenomenon, has become the main task. It involves consideration of responses to a number of fundamental questions, including questions about the nature of the category "standard" (social norm) and the deviation from it. In the stable functioning and a society that is rapidly developing, the answer is more or less clear. Social norm - is necessary and relatively stable element of social practice that serves as an instrument of social regulation and control. "Social norm, - said Y.Hilinskiy - defines the historically established in a particular society limit extent permissible range (permissible or obligatory) behavior of people, social groups, social organizations. "

Social norm finds its embodiment (support) in the laws, traditions, customs, that is all that became a habit, firmly entered into life, way of life in the majority, supported by public opinion plays a role of "natural regulator" of social and interpersonal relations. The English philosopher Clive Lewis is inclined to see in moral standards kind of "user", "to ensure proper operation of the human machine." But the reformed society where destroyed some rules and not even made at other theories, the problem of the formation, interpretation and application of standards is extremely difficult. One can understand the full bitterness of expression A. Solzhenitsyn, "What reform is, if its result - contempt for labor and an aversion to it, if the job was shameful, and fraud was valiant. [3] Sure, the Ukrainian society can not long remain in that position. Deviant behavior is a significant mass of the population today represents the most dangerous for the country's destructive tendencies.

1. The concept of deviation. Subject and object of sociology deviation

In the deviant (Latin Deviatio - rejection) behavior should be understood: 1) the act of a man who does not conform to the established or actually formed in the society norms (standards, templates), 2) a social phenomenon, expressed in mass forms of human activity, that do not conform to the established or actually formed in the society norms (standards, templates) [4].

Sociology of deviant behavior refers to the "cross-cutting" theories. The specifics of the subject is that the range of phenomena studied historically variable and depends on the prevailing currently in a particular society, social norms. The existence of each system (physical, biological, social) is a dynamic state, the unity of the processes of preservation and change. Deviation (fluctuations in inanimate nature, mutations - in the living) is a common form, mechanism, method variability and, consequently, the life, of each system. The higher level of organization (organization), the dynamic system, the greater mean change as a means of saving (for expression of I. Pryhozhina - "order through fluctuations").

Since the functioning of social systems is inextricably linked with human vital functions (subject collective conscious activity of social rights), social deviation realized eventually also by deviant behavior.

The objects of study are the different types of deviations:

1. Cultural and mental. Sociologists are interested primarily cultural rejection, ie rejection of the social community of the norms of culture. Psychologists interested in the same mental deviations from standards of personal organization: psychoses, neuroses and so on. People often try to link the cultural rejection of the mental. For example, sexual deviations, alcoholism, drug addiction and many other variations in social behavior linked to personal disorganization, ie with mental disabilities. However, personal disorganization is not the only cause behavior that deviates. Of course mentally abnormal person completely fulfill all the rules and regulations adopted by the society, and, conversely, for individuals, mentally quite normal, are characterized by very serious deviation. Questions about the fact why it is interesting for sociologists and psychologists.

2. Individual and group reject individual when separate individual rejects the norms of their subculture, group, considered as conformal treatment of deviant group member on its subculture (for example, adolescents with difficult families spend most of their lives in the basement. "Basement of life" seems to normal , in which there is a "Basement" moral code, its laws and cultural complexes. In this case, in the presence of group deviations from the dominant culture, so that teenagers living in accordance with its own subculture).

3. Primary and secondary deviation. During the initial deviation is meant treatment of personality, which rejected that as a whole meets the cultural norms accepted in society. In this case, the power output of individual deviations as minor and tolerable, that he is not qualified as social deviate person and does not consider himself so. For him and for the rejection looks just a little trick, eccentricity or at worst a mistake.

4. Secondary deviation is called the deviation from the existing group norms, socially defined as deviant.