Консервирование излучением

IRRADIATION

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты усвоили базовые термины при чтении текстов по специальности, могли подготовиться к монологическому высказыванию

на английском языке и приобрели навыки пересказа текста, правильно строя предложения.

irradiation облучение, иррадиация, излучение

exposure подвергание какому-л. воздействию

ionizing radiation ионизирующее излучение

X rays рентгеновские лучи

accelerator катализатор

pasteurization пастеризация

ripening созревание

sterility стерильность

microorganism микроорганизм

toxin токсин

emit излучать, испускать, выделять

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Irradiation

Irradiation of food is the exposure of food to ionizing radiation; either high-energy electrons or X-rays from accelerators, or by gamma rays (emitted from radioactive sources as Cobalt-60 or Caesium-137). The treatment has a range of effects, including killing bacteria, molds and insect pests, reducing the ripening and spoiling of fruits, and at higher doses inducing sterility.

The technology may be compared to pasteurization; it is sometimes called “cold pasteurization”, as the product is not heated. Irradiation is not effective against viruses or prions, it cannot eliminate toxins already formed by microorganisms, and is only useful for food of high initial quality. The radiation process is unrelated to nuclear energy, but it may use the radiation emitted from radioactive nuclides produced in nuclear reactors. Ionizing radiation is hazardous to life; for this reason irradiation facilities have a heavily shielded irradiation room where the process takes place.

Radiation safety procedures ensure that neither the workers in such facility nor the environment receive any radiation dose from the facility. Irradiated food does not become radioactive, and national and international expert bodies have declared food irradiation as wholesome. However, the wholesomeness of consuming such food is disputed by opponents and consumer organizations. National and international expert bodies have declared food irradiation as “wholesome”; UN-organizations as WHO and FAO are endorsing to utilize food irradiation. International legislature on whether food may be irradiated or not varies worldwide from no regulation to full banning. It is estimated that about 500.000 tons of food items are irradiated per year world-wide in over 40 countries. These are mainly spices and condiments with an increasing segment of fresh fruit irradiated for fruit fly quarantine.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is irradiation of food?

2. What effects has the treatment of irradiation of food?

3. Is it effective against viruses or prions?

4. For what reason have irradiation facilities a heavily shielded irradiation room?

5. What food items are irradiated per year?

Задание 3. Подберите к русским словам соответствующие английские эквиваленты:

облучение irradiance irradiation iraser

сравнивать compare assimilate liken (to)

карантин kapton quantum quarantine

оборудование facilitator facilitation facilities

защитное средство shield sheriff sheller

Задание 4. Выберите правильную последовательность предложений:

1. The technology may be compared to pasteurization; it is sometimes called “cold pasteurization”, as the product is not heated.

2. Irradiated food does not become radioactive, and national and international expert bodies have declared food irradiation as wholesome.

3. It is estimated that about 500.000 tons of food items are irradiated per year world-wide in over 40 countries.

4. The radiation process is unrelated to nuclear energy, but it may use the radiation emitted from radioactive nuclides produced in nuclear reactors.

5. However, the wholesomeness of consuming such food is disputed by opponents and consumer organizations.

Задание 5. Выберите правильный предлог:

from, by, of, to, of, at.

1) … irradiation …….. food;

2) … hazardous …….. life;

3) … food is disputed …….. opponents;

4) … food may be irradiated or not varies worldwide …….. no regulation to full banning;

5) … a range …….. effects;

6) … and …….. higher doses inducing sterility.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Каковы преимущества консервирования излучением?

2. Может ли этот способ консервирования быть сравнен с пастеризацией?

3. Обладает ли консервирование излучением негативным влиянием на продукт или окружающую среду?

4. Каковы объемы продукции, ежегодно подвергающейся консервированному излучению?

Практическое занятие 39