Зерновые культуры и их продукты

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты смогли составить высказывания о полезных свойствах зерновых культур и их важной роли в питании человека.

grain зерно, крупа

cereal зерновые злаки, крупы

covering оболочка

derive происходить; получать, извлекать

wheat пшеница

rye рожь

oats овес

barley ячмень

rice рис

corn кукуруза

millet просо

buckwheat гречиха

germ зародыш, эмбрион

embryo то же

endosperm эндосперм

reflection отражение

nutritive питательный

starch крахмал

abundant обильный

phosphorus фосфор

thiamin тиамин

riboflavin рибофлавин

deficient недостаточный

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Cereals and cereal products

From earliest time grain has been man’s chief means of life. So important was its production that the ancient peoples of many lands believed that the protection of grain was the primary concern of one of the most powerful goddesses. From the name Ceres given by the Romans to the goddess who was the protectress of grain, the term cereals, now so widely used, was derived.

The term cereals includes the plants of the grass family which are used as food. Wheat. rye. oats, barley, rice, corn (maize) and millet belong to this class, and buckwheat although not grass is here considered. The grain consists of the germ. and the endosperm with its coverings, which are the parts most utilized for

human food.

The importance of the loods included in this group is indicated by the part cereals have played and continue to play in world affairs. According to both myth and history the earlier civilizations were founded upon the growing of cereals and since that time the influence of cereal production has been constantly felt.

The influence of cereals in world history is a reflection of their importance in the daily life of people. Cereals are excellent sources of energy. Starch, the valuable energy food, makes up three fourths of any cereal.

Protein, the tissue-building food although less abundant is present in significant amounts, composing about one eighth of the grain. The fat found in the grain, which varies in amount from 1/100 to 4/100 parts, is present mostly in the

germ or embryo. This part, together with the outer covering, also contains the greater portion of the minerals and vitamins of the grain. The phosphorus content of the whole grains is relatively high, but the calcium is still low.

The amount of iron varies widely. Grains contain a genereus amount of thiamine but are relatively less rich in riboflavin. The germ of wheat is an abundant source vitamin E. Cereals in general are deficient in vitamin A.

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите слова, имеющие общий корень в английском и русском языках:

production, protection, rice, maize, endosperm, group, myth, history, civilization, energy, embryo, portion, phosphorus, calcium.

Задание 3. Прочитайте и переведите слова, исходя из значений слов, данных в скобках:

powerful (power – мощь, могущество), covering (to cover – покрывать), importance (important – важный), valuable (value – цена, ценность), relatively (to relate – относиться, иметь отношение), uniformly (uniform – одинаковый, однородный).

Задание 4. Подберите пары слов, имеющие близкие по смыслу значения.

1) grain; 1) to originate;

2) fat; 2) maize;

3) to derive; 3) embryo;

4) corn; 4) meal;

5) germ; 5) oil;

6) to contain; 6) cereal;

7) food; 7) to compose.

Задание 5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную временную форму:

1. The grain (to consist of) the germ and endosperm with its covering.

2. According to the history the earlier civilization (to be founded) upon the growing of cereals.

3. Germ with the outer covering (to contain) the greater portion of the minerals and vitamins.

4. From earliest time grain (to be) man’s chief means of life.

5. The ancient peoples of many lands (to believe) that the protection of grain was the primary concern of one of the most powerful goddesses.

Задание 6. Дайте ответы на предлагаемые вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. What is the origin of the term cereal?

2. What kind of cereals do you know?

3. What does the grain consist of?

4. What can you say about the nutritive value of cereals?

5. What parts of grain are the most utilized for human food?

Задание 7. Перескажите текст, используя новые слова.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Какие виды злаковых культур вам известны?

2. Перечислите полезные вещества, содержащиеся в злаках?

3. Какую роль в питании человека играют злаки?

4. Что вы можете добавить к содержанию текста?

5. По каким принципам определяется выбор видовременной формы глагола в предложении?

Практическое занятие 35