История консервирования (часть II)

HISTORY OF CANNING (PART II)

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты усвоили базовые термины при чтении текстов по специальности и могли подготовиться к монологическому высказыванию, овладеть навыками работы со словарем, навыками перевода и пересказа текста. Студенты продолжают работать с текстом «История консервирования».

smash внезапное падение

commonly обычно, как правило

stew блюдо из тушеного мяса или рыбы

non-perishable непортящийся

to heat нагревать

convenient удобный

bottling консервирование в стеклянной таре

herb трава, лекарственное растение

sauerkraut квашеная капуста

vinegar уксус

pickles соленья, маринады

to seal закатывать банки

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

History of Canning (part 2)

Based on Appert’s methods of food preservation, Peter Durand patented a process in the canning in 1810, developing a process of packaging food in sealed

airtight wrought-iron cans. Initially, the canning process was slow and labour-intensive, as each can had to be hand-made and took up to six hours to cook properly, making tinned food too expensive for ordinary people to buy.

Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, tinned food became a status symbol amongst middle-class households. Early methods of manufacture employed poisonous materials for sealing the tins. Increasing mechanization of the canning process, coupled with a huge increase in urban populations across Europe, resulted in a rising demand for tinned food.

A number of inventions and improvements followed, and by the 1860s, the time to cook food in sealed cans had been reduced from around six hours to only thirty minutes. Canned food also began to spread beyond. The first American canning factory was established in 1812, using improved tin-plated wrought-iron cans for preserving food.

Demand for tinned food greatly increased during wars. Large-scale wars in the nineteenth century introduced increasing numbers of working-class men to tinned food, and allowed canning companies to expand their businesses to meet military demands for non-perishable food, allowing companies to manufacture in bulk and sell to wider civilian markets after wars ended. Urban populations demanded ever-increasing quantities of cheap, varied, good-quality food that they

could keep on the shelves at home without having to go to the shops every day for fresh produce. In response, companies emerged to provide shops with good-quality tinned food for sale to ordinary city-dwellers.

The range of tinned food available to urban populations greatly increased, as rival canning companies competed with each other using novel foodstuffs, highly decorated printed labels, and lower prices.

Demand for tinned food skyrocketed as military commanders sought vast quantities of cheap, high-quality food to feed their millions of soldiers; food which could be transported safely, would survive, and which would not spoil in between the factory and the front lines.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What and when did Peter Durand patent?

2. When was the first American canning factory established?

3. Why canned food was so necessary for Europe?

5. Why canned food also began to spread beyond Europe?

Задание 3. Прочтите данные словосочетания и переведите их на русский язык:

bread production; high-quality food; fruit preservation; spoilage organisms; tinned food; moisture content; space foods; meat foods; breakfast foods; food preserving methods; good-quality food.

Задание 4. Выберете правильный предлог к данным выражениям:

of, on, and, of, of, to, as.

1) … based …….. Appert’s methods …….. food preservation;

2) … a process …….. packaging food;

3) … vast quantities …….. cheap.

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. В каком году и кем был запатентован процесс консервирования?

2. Почему консервированная продукция получила широкое распространение?

3. Каковы преимущества консервированной продукции?

4. Какие типы предложений наиболее часто встречаются в тексте?

Практическое занятие 41