I. What is engineering industry?

Engineering industry is the set of industries that manufacture machinery and equipment for all sectors of the economy, as well as household appliances. Engineering as an industry has arisen in XVIII century. The invention of the spinning machine, weaving loom, the steam engine as a universal motor and other vehicles resulted in the creation of machines for the production of machines.

The branch structure of mechanical engineering is very difficult. It consists more than of 70 branches. Its main branches are electronics, computer facilities, a robotics, instrumentation, precision mechanical engineering, agricultural and transport mechanical engineering, tractor industry, machine-tool construction, automotive industry, car building, aircraft construction, shipbuilding.

The mechanical engineering divides into three groups — labor capacious, metal capacious and knowledge capacious. In turn, these groups divide into following branch subgroups: heavy engineering, general engineering, medium engineering, precision engineering, production of metal products and preparations, repair of cars and equipment.

Groups of fields in engineering:

1. Heavy engineering:

• Equipment for metallurgy;

• Mining and energy equipment;

• Machines for lifting and transporting materials.

2. General engineering:

• Transport and agricultural machinery;

• Production of technological equipment for various fields of industry.

3. Medium engineering:

• Automobiles production;

• Instruments;

• Equipment for light and food industries;

• Household appliances.

4. Precision engineering:

• Electronics;

• Instrumentation;

• Office equipment and robotics.

In the conditions of instability of the market of mechanical engineering and decrease in demand for freight cars and the metallurgical equipment of PAO "Azovmash" keeps the volumes of output reached in last year. In 10 months 2012 it is realized an industrial output for the sum of 7,9 billion grivnas that makes 102,2 % from the corresponding period of last year.

In comparison with last year for 1,3 % release of freight cars decreased. 87,7 % of let-out production go for export to CIS countries.

Production of car building is retargeted on release of covered cars in connection with sharp recession of demand for gondola cars.

Production diversification in a segment of tanks provided increase in release of gas and special tanks that allowed to level reduction of orders by the petro petrol.

Thanks to work with the Ukrainian metallurgical companies "Metinvest", ISD, "Donetskstal" output of heavy mechanical engineering is increased in 1,6 times in comparison with last year.

II. Machine-building complex of Ukraine

2.1 Heavy engineering

Heavy machinery – is a set of subsectors of engineering, in which enterprises are engaged in the production of metallurgical, mining, and large metal-forming, crushing and grinding, materials handling equipment and large diesel engines, rotor systems. It is the basis of heavy industry and construction. Usually such plants are complex, universal type, many of which are characterized by individual and low-volume production types.

As a rule, in heavy mechanical engineering there are more enterprises of a full cycle on which there is a preparation and processing of details and assembly of finished articles.

Production of the metallurgical equipment almost completely (95,5 %) is concentrated in Donetsk and Pridneprovsky economic region.

The largest enterprise of this kind in Ukraine is the Novokramatorsk machine building plant which is letting out forge-and-press, the metallurgical equipment, slabbing, rolling sheet mills, and heavy metal-cutting machines for metallurgical industry. Also Starokramatorsk machine building plant is reconstructed.

Large producers of the metallurgical equipment are the Debaltsevo machine building plant, Kadiyevsk foundry and mechanical plant, the Mariupol plant of heavy mechanical engineering, and also plants of the cities of Dnepropetrovsk, Krivoy Rog, Marganez.

Plants of the mountain and mine and chisel equipment are placed near consumers - the coal industry of Donbas, ore base of Pridneprovie, areas of oil and gas production. The metal consumption factor as consumers of cars and metal are located in the same areas is considered. The main centers of this branch are: Druzhkovka, Gorlovka, Yasinovataya, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Krasniy Luch, Kriviy Rig, Chernovtsy, Drogobych.

The largest enterprises of hoisting-and-transport mechanical engineering are located in Odessa, Lviv, Kharkiv, Nikopol, Priluky, Dnepropetrovsk; averages - in Slavyansk, Zolotonosh (The Cherkassk Region) and Kivertsakh (The Volyn Region).

The power mechanical engineering specializes on production of steam hydraulic turbines, generators, coppers and powerful diesel motors, the equipment for nuclear power plants, electric equipment and a cable.

The centers of the power equipment are: Kharkiv (gives 40 % of all power equipment of Ukraine), Zaporozhye, Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk, Melitopol, Lviv, Ternopol, Poltava, New Kakhovka, Tokmak (The Zaporozhye Region), Odessa.

The most important centers of production of heavy machines and forge-and-press equipment are: Kramatorsk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kriviy Rig, Marganez.