21. Write down nouns from the following verbs, paying

attention to spelling:

verb + tion	verb + ment
to organize	to pay
to distribute	to recruit
to prepare	to govern
to promote	to establish.
to inform	to agree
to discuss	to invest
verb + ance	verb + ing
to allow	to market
to insure	to advertise
to prefer	to spend
to refer	to train
to occur	to open

22. Make sentences with the following words:

to research — research to credit — credit

to design — design to debit — debit

to profit — profit to purchase — purchase

23. Underline the predicates and say in what forms the

verbs are used:

1) marketing is often confused with sales or with

advertising.

2) Finding out what the consumer wants is called market

research.

3) Market research involves finding out what types of

products are wanted.

4) Products involve decisions about the product’s quality.

5) Marketing involves the choices of how the product is

promoted.

24. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the

drinks advertised

soap packaged

coal transported

prices reduced/decreased prices raised/increased

discounts given

allowance permitted parties involved

products distributed

new brands promoted

Participles:

25. Find the answers in the text:

1. What is market research?

2. With what notions is marketing sometimes confused?

3. What is the difference between those notions and

marketing?

4) What are the four Ps?

5) What does the term branding policy mean?

6) What allowances can sometimes be permitted to attract

consumers?

26. Write down answers to the following questions:

1. What is the marketing mix?

2. What are the four Ps?

27. Write down the definitions of:

marketing________________________________________

promotion________________________________________

product policy_____________________________________

persuasion________________________________________

marketing mix_____________________________________

Unit 15 Economic and ecological problems Text 1: Developed and developing countries

There are some five billion people in the world, and the ma­jority of them live in what are described as less developed countries or developing countries. A developing country is one in which the average standard of living is very low compared with living standards in North America and Western Europe. The low-income developing countries are often described as Thirld World countries.

Countries which have high standards of living — mainly indutialised countries — are described as developed countries.

Probably the most striking feature of the world economy is very great difference between the average incomes of people in the developed countries and those in developing countries.

The table below shows how very unequally world income is distributed: