• Active vocabulary

Read and learn the following words

secretion выделение, секреция

tube трубка

lumen просвет

duct проток

pour лить

dense густой

distinct четкий ,определенный

accompany сопровождаться

dilation растяжения, расширение

appreciable значительный

nevertheless тем не менее

administer назначать

although хотя

• Read and translate the text

Text secretion

Secretion is a process generally brought about by an organ called a gland. A gland whether simple or complex in structure may be looked upon as a tube whose walls are composed of highly specialized epithelial cells, gland cells. The tube is closed at the end. In many glands the other end of the lumen opens up, either directly or by means of a special duct, onto a free surface, such as the skin, the in­terior of the mouth, etc. The materials produced by the gland are poured onto this free surface, for which reason the secretion of this type of gland is spoken of as an external secretion. The gland is sur­rounded by a dense network of capillaries.

The distinct process takes place in a gland: the gland cell serves as a transfer agency or it acts as a manufacturing plant or both. In the first instance, certain materials, water and NaCl are taken out of the cell, passed into the duct and secreted on a free surface. All types of glands transfer water in this manner.

Other glands take certain materials out of the blood stream and chemically transform them into new compounds, they then being poured into the duct. The activity of the gland is normally accompanied by a great dila­tion of its blood vessels. Without this increased flow of blood a gland cannot function for any appreciable length of time. Nevertheless in many instances its blood flow in itself is not the direct cause of secretion, for by administering certain drugs it is possible to stop the secre­tion completely although the flow of blood continues.

• EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Find in the text English equivalents for these words

and word combinations:

1. орган, называемый железой 2. клетки железы 3. либо прямо, либо посредством специального протока 4. быть окруженным 5. производящее предприятие 6. подобным образом 7. преобразовывать химически 8. увеличенный кровоток 9. применение лекарства 10. полностью

Exercise 2. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text:

Generally brought about, whether simple or complex in structure, to be closed, onto a free surface, to be poured, external secretion, a dense network, a transfer agency, to be taken out, to be poured into the duct, appreciable, the direct cause of secretion, to continue

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1. What is secretion?

2. How many a gland be looked upon?

3. Where does the other end of the lumen open up in many glands?

4. Where are the materials produced by the gland poured?

5. How is the secretion of this type of gland spoken of?

6. What is the gland surrounded by?

7. What process takes place in a gland?

8. What glands transfer water in this manner?

9. What do other glands take out of the blood stream?

10. What is the activity of the gland normally accompanied by?

11. Is the blood flow the direct cause of secretion and why?

Exercise 4.Pair work. Make up ten questions based on the text

and answer them.

Exercise 5. Translate into English:

1. Секреция – это процесс, выполняемый железами.

2. Материалы, вырабатываемые железами, переносятся кровью на значительное расстояние.

3. Некоторые железы забирают определенные продукты из кровотока, химически преобразуя их в новые компоненты.

4. Активность желез обычно сопровождается усиленным кровотоком и может быть снижена за счет назначения определенных медикаментов.

5. Гормоны, переносимые кровью, синтезируются клетками эндокринных органов.