Текст 10

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. An outline of lawmaking process

In the united states

The US Congress is the lawmaking arm of the federal government. It consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

First the legislation, or bill goes to the House of Representatives, then to one of the committees, which organizes hearings. It mау approve, amend or shelve the draft. If the committee passes the bill, it is considered in the House of Representatives. If passed there, it goes to the Senate for committee hearings and general debate.

Finally, it must be signed by the president, who has the right to veto it. If the president vetoes а bill, it can still become а law - but only if it is passed by а two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress.

Слова и выражения:

lawmaking arm – закон творящая рука

consist of smth. (v) – состоять из чего-либо

hearings (n, C/U) – слушания (дела, законопроекта и т.д.)

approve (v) - одобрять

amend (v) – улучшать, исправлять

shelve (v) – ставить на полку, откладывать

draft (n, C) – проект

pass (v) - проходить

the right to veto – право вето

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. In which House does a new legislation usually start in the USA?

2. What does the US Congress consist of?

3. Where does the legislation go first and then?

4. Where are the hearings organized?

5. What happens when a draft is approved or shelved?

6. What for does a draft bill go to the Senate?

7. How does a bill become finally a law?

П. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Приведите однокоренные слова на русском языке.

A Congress, federal, the Senate, a committee, to organize, a bill, general,

final, a president, veto, a jurisdiction, a minister, a consul, to appeal, a session, an appellant, the Constitution, to nominate, to fix, to determine, an instrument

2. Вставьте слова по смыслу.

Legislative power in the USA

According to the US Constitution … … three branches of power in the country: the Legislative, the Executive, and the Judicial ones.

The whole Legislative … is vested in the Congress. There are two chambers in the Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Besides the legislative function the Senate is entrusted with the power of ratifying or rejecting all treaties … … the President, of declaring war, constituting tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, etc. The Senate … … two members from each state, chosen for 6 years, one-third retiring or seeking reelection every two years. A Senator must be at least 30 .. old and he must have lived in the States for at least nine years. The head of the Senate is the Vice- President who … … for four years.

No Senator or Representative can, during the time for which he was elected, … … to any civil office under the authority of the US.

Prompts: consists of, years, made by, be appointed, there are, is elected, power

3. a) Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

b)Переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём.

ТНЕ FEDERAL JUDITIARY

The third branch … government, in addition to the legislative (Congress) and executive (President) branches, is the federal judiciary. Its main instrument is the Supreme Court, which watches over the other two branches. It determines whether or not their laws and acts are … accordance … the Constitution. Congress has the power to fix the number … judges sitting on the Court, but it cannot change the powers given to the Supreme Court … the Constitution itself. The Supreme Court consists … a chief justice and eight associate justices. They are nominated by the President but must be approved … the Senate. Once approved, they hold offices as Supreme Court Justices for life. … addition to the Supreme Court, Congress has established 11 federal courts of appeal and, below them, 91 federal district courts.

Prompts: in, of, of, by, in, with, by, of,