Текст 4

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. Law and moral

Laws usually reflect and promote а society's values. Our society's traditional ideas of right and wrong influence our legal system. For example, laws against murder reflect the moral belief that killing another person is wrong. But not everything that is immoral is also illegal. For example, lying to а friend may be immoral but is seldom illegal.

Our legal system tries to achieve many goals.

These include:

- protecting basic human rights;

- promoting fairness;

- helping resolve conflicts;

- promoting order and stability;

- protecting the environment;

- representing the will of the majority;

- protecting the rights of minorities.

Many problems of a society arise conflicts among these goals.

Laws can be based on moral, economic, political, or social values. As values change, so can change laws.

Слова и выражения:

reflect (v) – отражать

ideas of right and wrong – понимание того, что правильно, а что ошибочно

promote (v) – продвигать, поддерживать

а society (n, C/U) - общество

values (n, C/U) – ценности

legal system – юридическая система

influence (n, C/U) – влияние

reflect (v) - отражать

the moral belief – моральные убеждения

fairness (n,U) – честность

to resolve conflicts – разрешать конфликты

order (n, C/U) - порядок

environment (n, C/U) - окружение

immoral (adj) - аморальный

belief (n, C/U) - убеждениe

seldom (adv) - редко

illegal (adj) – не имеющий юридической силы

lying (n) – неправда, обман

protecting basic human rights – защищая основные права человека

to represent the will – представлять волю

majority (n, C/U) - большинство

minority (n, C/U) – меньшинство

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1.What do lows usually reflect?

2. What influence every legal system?

3. What do lows against murder reflect?

4. Is every immoral action also illegal?

5. What are the goals of legal system?

6. What arise conflicts among the goals?

7. What values can laws be based on?

II. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Приведите однокоренные слова на русском языке.

to reflect, traditional, an idea, legal, a system, moral, a person, immoral, illegal, moral, a problem, a person, to protect, a conflict, a stability; a protection, a representation, economic, political, social

2. Закончите следующие предложения, используя активную лексику урока.

1. Laws can be based on …

2. Laws usually reflect …

3. Traditional ideas of right and wrong -

4. Legal system tries …

5. Not everything that is immoral …

6. Problems of a society arise …

3. Вставить слова по смыслу.

All states in the USA … a system … … similar in many respects to the federal court. Each state … a court of last resort, which hears and determines … … of law and equity on appeal from … … courts. The heist court … … of the stats … the Supreme Court.

Prompts: the trial, has, in most, is, all questions, have, of courts

Текст 5

I. Прочитайте и переведите тексты. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. Kinds of values

A. Moral values deal with fundamental questions of right and wrong. For example, laws against killing promote such important moral value as the protection of life. But some things which we consider immoral may not violate the law. In some cases, such as in self-defense or during а time of war, killing may be legal.

B. Economic values deal with the accumulation, preservation, use, and distribution of wealth. Many laws promote economic values. They encourage certain economic decisions and discourage others. The law encourages home ownership by giving tax benefits to people who borrow money to pay for а home, for example.

C. Social values are important to society. For example, it is social value that all students are provided with free public education through high school.

Like other values, social values can change. In the past, for example, society believed that sports were not as important for girls as for boys. This value has changed. Today, laws provide females with sports opportunities.

Many laws combine moral, economic, political, and social values. For example, laws against theft deal with the moral problems of stealing, the economic matters of protection of property, and the social issue of respecting the property of others.

Слова и выражения:

A.

deal with – иметь дело с

laws against killing – законы против убийства

violate (v) – нарушать

case (n, C) - случай

self-defense (n,U) – самооборона

killing (n,C) – убийство

legal (adj.) – имеющий юридическую силу

B.

accumulation (n, C/U) – аккумуляция

preservation (n,U) – защита, охрана, сохранение

use (n, C/U) - использование

distribution (n, C/U) - распределение

wealth (n,U) – богатство, достаток

encourage (v) – поддерживать

certain (adj.) - определенный

discourage (v) – не поддерживать

ownership (n,U) - собственность

borrow (v) – занимать деньги

C.

social values – социальные ценности

concern (v) - касаться

free education – бесплатное образование

require (v) - требовать

females (n,C) - женщины

opportunities (n, C) - возможности

violate (v) - нарушать

respect (v) – уважать

the property (n, C/U) – частная собственность