II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is jurisprudence?

2. What definition of law is given in the text?

3. Why does any society need laws?

III. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

закон, регулировать поведение людей, область изучения, юриспруденция, поведение людей в обществе, посвящать, воздействовать, определение, внутри общества, волновать людей, повседневная жизнь

2. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

1. There are many definitions …law.

2. This field … study is devoted … answering important questions.

3. The problem has troubled people ... many years.

4. Rules and regulations made ... the government.

Prompts: by, of, to, for, of

3. Вставьте пропущенные слова и словосочетания. Сделайте письменный перевод текста (работа со словарем)

The lawyer

The lawyer in broad sense is one whose principal occupations … … … to the making and administration of the law, and who has a sufficiently … education, distinguishing him from minor administrative officials.

… … … different countries differ … from one another. The Continent bases its jurisprudence upon the university-made … law, in place of the Judge-Made common … … England and the USA. The practice of the civil law … … several co-ordinate professions, each constituting a career itself (judge, diplomat, civil servant,…).

In the United States the students, after his formal education is completed, is admitted by the State to the privilege of general practice of the law. And this is not … … his course of preparation (which may or may not be in a university). If he finds himself in a certain activity then he … later pass to the bench (politics or business etc.)

In England the lawyer … the position somewhat like that of their colleagues in the United States.

Prompts: has, consists of, law teacher, the lawyers of, can, connected with, civil, law of, widely, is related both, wide

Text 2

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. Kinds of laws

A. Criminal laws

There are laws of two main groups: criminal and civil.

Criminal laws regulate public conduct and introduce duties to the society. А criminal саsе is а legal action of the government against а person charged with committing а crime.

Criminal laws have penalties, and offenders are imprisoned, fined, placed under supervision, or punished in some other way.

Criminal оffences are divided into felonies and misdemeanors. The penalty for а felony is а term of more than one year in prison. For а misdemeanor, the penalty is а prison term of one year or less.

Felonies are mоre serious crimes such as murder or robbery.

Misdemeanors are less serious crimes such as simple assault or minor theft.

B. Civil laws

Civil laws regulate relations between individuals or groups of individuals. А person who feels wronged or injured by another person can bring a civil action (lawsuit).

Courts may award the injured person money for the loss, or they may order the person who committed the wrong to make amends in some other way.

An example of а civil action is а lawsuit for recovery of damages suffered in an automobile accident.

Civil laws regulate many everyday situations, such as marriage, divorce, contracts, real estate, and negligence, consumer protection.

Sometimes one action can violate both civil and criminal law.

Слова и выражения:

A.

criminal laws – уголовное право

criminal саsе - уголовное преступление (дело)

civil (a) – гражданское

bring an action – подать иск в судебные органы

legal action – законное действие

charge with smth. – обвинять в чем-либо

commit а crime – совершать преступление

penalty (n,C) - наказание

offender (n,C) - нарушитель

imprison (v) – заключать в тюрьму

fine (v) - штрафовать

place under supervision – поместить под надзор

punish (v) - наказывать

оffence (n,C) - нарушениe

felony (n,C) - преступление

misdemeanor (n,C) – мелкое нарушение

prison (n,C) - тюрьма

murder (n,C) - убийство

robbery (n,C) – грабеж, разбой

assault (n,C) - нападение

theft (n,C/U) - кража

B.

Court (n,C) - суд

civil laws – гражданское право

relation (n,С) – отношение

lawsuit (n,C) – судебный процесс

feel wronged – чувствовать, что против Вас совершили противозаконное действие

feel injured - чувствовать, что Вам нанесли ущерб, повреждение

award (v) – присуждать, вознаграждать

the loss (n,C/U) – ущерб, потеря

commit the wrong – совершать нарушение

make amends – возмещать ущерб

recovery of damages – возмещение повреждений

damages suffered – причиненный ущерб

accident (n,C) – несчастный случай

marriage (n,C/U) - женитьба

divorce (n,C/U) - развод

real estate (n,U) - имущество

insurance (n, C/U) – страховка

сonsumer protection – защита потребителя

negligence (n) – неосторожность