II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What term is becoming very popular in management theory?

2. What does the term “ Resources utilization “ mean?

3. How can we use our resources better?

4. Why is it necessary to economize our resources?

5. How can companies solve the problem of better resources utilization?

IV.Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Приведите русские однокоренные слова:

resource, utilization, technique, economy, industry, theory.

2. Подберите русские эквиваленты английских слов , соединив слова из колонок A и B.

A B

utilization людские ресурсы

scarce потребитель

manpower затраты

resource использование

include требовать

consumer скудный

reduce выпуск продукции

cost ущерб

output включать (в состав)

damage ресурс

require сокращать

3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

resource utilization, management theory, management technique, better cost control, resource input, product’s life, resources utilization section, company’s management.

Теxt 16

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. Levels of management

Every organization can be presented as a three-story structure or a pyramid. Each story corresponds to one of the three general levels of management: top managers, middle managers, and first-line managers.

A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall activities of the organization. Top managers are usually responsible for the organization’s planning , they develop the firm’s strategy and policy. They are president, vice president, chief executive officer (CEO), and members of the Board.

A middle manager implements the strategy and major policy developed by the top level of the organization. Middle managers develop tactical plans, policies and standard operating procedures, they coordinate and supervise the activities of first-line managers. The titles at the middle-management level include division managers, department head, plant manager, and operations manager.

A first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of the operating employees. They spend most of their time working with employees and solving day-to-day problems. Most first-line managers are former operating employees. Owing to their hard work and potential they were promoted to management positions. They have very good career opportunities. Common titles for first-line managers are office manager, supervisor , foreman and project manager.

Operating employees are not managers, they are qualified and non-qualified people working for the organization. They get salaries or wages for their labour. These people are the work force of the organization.

Слова и выражения:

board (n) – совет директоров

career ( n, С) - карьера

make a career - делать карьеру

coordinate smth. ( v) - координировать, согласовывать

executive ( adj, n) - исполнительный, исполнитель

chief executive officer (CEO) - исполнительный директор

foreman ( n, C) – мастер, бригадир

guide smth. (smb.) ( v) – зд. руководить, направлять

head ( n, C) - начальник, руководитель

implement ( v)( the strategy) - осуществлять, претворять в жизнь

level ( n, C) – уровень

manager (n,C)

top manager – высший менеджер, руководитель

middle manager – менеджер среднего звена

first-line manager – менеджер низшего звена

operating procedure - порядок работы, производственный процесс

present smth. ( v) – представлять собой

promote smb. (v) - продвигать кого-либо по службе

promotion - повышение, продвижение по службе

qualified (adj) - квалифицированный

salary ( n, C) - жалование служащего

story (n, C) – этаж

three-story - трёхэтажный

title ( n, C) - зд. должность

wage (s) ( n, С) – заработная плата рабочего

work force – рабочая сила