II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is e-commerce?

2. Are many people buying on-line these days?

3. What do men usually buy on-line?

4. What do women usually buy on-line?

5. Who spends more money shopping on-line?

6. What are the advantages of buying on-line?

7. Can we buy airline tickets over the Net?

8. Do you think on-line shopping will replace shopping in stores?

9. Have you ever bought anything on-line?

10. Do you like shopping on-line?

III. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык, обращая внимание на суффиксы:

buyer, production, purchaser, seller, replacement, researcher, energetic, commercial, preference, shopper, convenience.

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и выражений:

покупка, делать покупки, через Интернет, электронная торговля, миллиард, в равной степени, преимущество, удобный, однако, фактически, замешать (приходить на смену), аппаратура, программное обеспечение, путешествие по магазинам.

3. Составьте словосочетания, подобрав к глаголам из колонки А существительные из колонки В:

A B

take a purchase

replace place

make(2) on-line

shop money(time)

save energy

spend a decision

Text 13

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. Management functions

In most organizations, managers function as a team. They brainstorm for ideas and try to find solutions to the company’s problems. Team work is very effective - two heads are better than one, they say.

The basic managerial plan consists of four stages:

The planning phase

The organizing phase

The directing phase

The controlling phase

At the planning stage, the managing committee sets up goals and objectives for the project. The organizing stage is, perhaps, the most crucial one. Here the managers must find the right people to take on each specific task of the project. This phase can make or break^*1 the whole enterprise. At the directing stage, the manager’s job is to keep his/her finger on^*2 each aspect of the project but not to interfere into the work his colleagues do. He/she must know the subtlety of human relations and give people all possible opportunities to do a good job. He must be aware of what is going on and be ready to help if it is necessary. Too much direction can kill motivation. And to kill motivation means to kill the project.

The controlling phase is the final check up – have we accomplished our goals or the goals were unrealistic? Effective management meets the goals of individuals on the project and the goals of the whole project.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. How do managers function in most organizations?

2. How do managers usually find solutions to the problems of their companies?

3. Is team work effective?

4. What are the basic stages of a managerial plan?

5. Who sets up goals and objectives in organizations?

6. Which stage is the most crucial one?

7. What do managers do at the organizing stage?

8. What do managers do at the directing stage?

9. Must managers know their employees very well?

10. What does success of any project depend on?

______________

^*1 Make or break – либо пан, либо пропал.

^*2 Keep one’s finger on smth. – держать всё под контролем.

Слова и выражения:

accomplish ( v )– завершать, выполнять, достигать

aware ( adj) - знающий, осведомлённый

be aware of smth. – быть осведомлённым о чём-либо

brainstorm ( v ) – выдвигать новые идеи

brainstorming ( n, U) - «мозговой штурм» («мозговая атака»). Групповое обсуждение с целью выдвижения идей и разрешения проблем бизнеса.

crucial ( adj ) – решающий, критический

direct ( v ) – руководить, управлять

enterprise ( n, C ) – промышленное предприятие, смелое предприятие

goal ( n, C) – цель

meet the goal - достичь цели

interfere into smth. (v) - вмешиваться во что-либо

manager ( n, C) – менеджер, управляющий, заведующий, директор

management ( n, U) – управление, заведование

managerial ( adj ) – относящийся к управлению, административный

opportunity (n,С) - возможность

an opportunity to do smth. - возможность, шанс

phase ( n, C) – фаза

set up ( v ) – устанавливать что-либо (цели)

solve (a problem) ( v ) – решать проблему

solution to a problem – решение проблемы

find a solution to a problem – находить решение проблемы

the subtlety of human relations – тонкость человеческих отношений