II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Who were the first English bankers?

2. What was used as the payment of debt in the 17-th century?

3. Who had to keep some gold in reserve?

4. Why did the merchants keep some gold in reserve?

5. Where did the merchants place their gold stocks?

6. What did the goldsmiths give the merchants in return for the gold?

7. How could the merchants return their gold?

8. What did the merchants realize?

9. How did they start using paper money?

10. What are the basic functions of money?

III. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Приведите русские однокоренные слова:

real, bank, accept, international, reserve, safe, process, nature, deposit, interest, modern, system.

2. Составьте словосочетания, соединив слова и выражения из обеих колонок. Переведите их на русский язык.

рlace the demand

meet the stock in gold

issue deposited money

withdraw some gold in reserve

lend receipts

keep their gold

3. Составьте словосочетания, соединив слова и выражения из обеих колонок. Переведите их на русский язык.

for presentation

in payment

upon return

on safe keeping

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

ювелиры, между различными государствами, процентная ставка, выписывать (выдавать), век, появляться, квитанция, понимать (осознавать), обычай, долг, надёжный, общепринятый , вместо чего-либо.

5. Составьте краткий пересказ текста, расположив предложения в логической последовательности.

1. Later the goldsmiths realized that they could lend the deposited money to reliable customers and get some interest.

2. Merchants had to keep some gold in reserve to meet their demands.

3. They placed these stocks in gold with the goldsmiths for safe keeping.

4. The merchants realized that it was not necessary to go to the goldsmiths and withdraw their gold every time they needed money when other merchants who trusted the goldsmith were ready to accept a receipt instead.

Text 9

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. English banknotes and coins

The official currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is equal to one hundred pence. English banknotes are issued by the Bank of England. As to coins they are minted also by the state bank.

There are banknotes of the following denomination: L1, L5,L10,L20, L50 and L100. The following coins are in circulation: halfpenny, one penny, two pence, five pence, ten pence and fifty pence.

On the face of English banknotes one can read the denomination given both in figures and in words.

Then the inscription on the face of the banknotes reads: I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum … . And then there are two signatures. The first signature belongs to the person authorized by the Government and the Bank of England. The second signature is that of the Chief Cashier.

The backs of English banknotes, like many other banknotes, feature portraits of different famous people.

Слова и выражения:

authorize ( v) – уполномочивать, разрешать

bearer ( n, C) – предъявитель, владелец

chief Cashier (n,C) – главный кассир

circulation (n, U/C) – обращение

be in circulation - быть в обращении

demand (n,C) – спрос

on demand – по предъявлении

denomination ( n, C) – достоинство , стоимость, купюра

equal (to smth.) (adj) – равный (чему-либо)

be equal to smth. - равняться чему-либо

inscription ( n , С) – надпись

mint ( n,С )– монетный двор

mint ( v) – чеканить монеты

penny (n) ( pl.–pence) – пенни, пенс; е.g. twopence

the pound sterling – фунт стерлингов = 100 новым пенсам

signature ( n, C) – подпись