II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What principal fields does the term “national economy” cover?

2. What does industry provide?

3. What industry produces coal, oil and gas?

4. What does the manufacturing industry produce?

5. What is bought by the customers?

6. How are goods delivered to our homes?

7. What can commerce be divided into?

8. What is trade?

9. Who is transport used by?

10. What are all sectors of a national economy linked up by?

III. Выполните следующие упражнения.

1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

охватывать, обрабатывающая промышленность, отрасль промышленности, связь, сырьё, снабжать кого-либо чем-либо, продажа, товар, покупка, торговля, высоко развитой, внешняя торговля, добывающая промышленность, железная руда, ряд металлов, банковское дело.

2. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и составьте краткую схему, описывающую структуру национальной экономики.

Текст 6

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. При необходимости пользуйтесь словарём. What does economics study?

What do you think of when you hear the word “economics”? Money, certainly, and perhaps such things like business, inflation and unemployment. The science of economics studies all of these, but many more things as well. Perhaps you think that economics is all about the decisions that governments and business managers take. In fact, economics study the decisions that we all take every day.

Resources are limited, but our demand for them certainly is not. They are material things such as food, housing and heating. There are some resources that we can not touch. Time, space and convenience, for example, are also resources. Just think of a day. There are only 24 hours in one, and we have to choose the best way to spend them. Our everyday lives are full of decisions like these. Every decision we make is a trade-off. If you spend more time on your work, you make more money. However, you will have less time to relax. Economists study the trade-offs people make. They study the reasons for their decisions. They look at the effects those decisions have on our lives and our society.

Слова и выражения:

convenience (n, U) - удобство

demand (n,С) - спрос

demand for smth. - спрос на что-либо

decision (n, C) – решение

take (make) a decision - принимать решение

economics (n, U ) – экономика(наука), экономическая теория

economy ( n,C/U) - экономика, народное хозяйство, бережливость

effect (n, C/U ) – результат, влияние

government ( n, C) – правительство

housing (n, U ) – обеспечение жилищем, жилищное строительство

reason for smth. ( n,C) - причина чего-либо

resource (n, C) – ресурс

science ( n, C) – наука

trade-off (n, C) – компромисс

make a trade-off - пойти на компромисс

unemployment( n.U) – безработица

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Does economics study inflation?

2. What problems does economics study?

3. Is economics a science?

4. What do economists study?

5. Is our life connected with economics?

6. Why do we have to save resources?

7. What kind of trade-offs do people make every day?

8. What resources can’t we touch?

9. The use of what material resources does economics study?

10.Do you study economics?