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Упражнения.

I. Образуйте отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в Past Continuous по образцу:

Kim was looking out of the window.

Kim wasn’t looking out of the window.

Was Kim looking out of the window?

  1. Cathy was washing the dishes.

  2. Robert was driving home.

  3. The children were playing.

  4. Nick and Charlie were leaving the bank.

  5. He was watching the evening news on TV.

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Continuous.

Образец: A. What was happening (happen) at the time of the robbery?

B. Well, I ____ (sit) in my office. I ______talk) to an employee. Mary ______ (put) food onto the shelves. Several customers _____(do) the shopping and a cashier ______ (stand) behind the till.

A. Can you tell me anything about the robbers?

B. Yes. They _____ (wear) black masks and they (hold) guns. They ____ (shout).

A. How did they get away?

B. They drove off in a car which __________ (wait) outside.

III. Образуйте предложение, в котором одно действие находилось в процессе выполнения, а другое действие прервало его:

Образец: Tina was cooking. She burnt herself.

When Tina was cooking she burnt herself.

  1. Peter was driving his car. He got a flat tyre.

  2. Laura was making some tea. She dropped the kettle.

  3. Mrs. Bason was sitting in the garden. It started raining.

  4. She was walking in the park. A dog attacked her.

IV. Выберите правильную форму глагола Past Simple или Past Continuous:

  1. We all went/were going out last night.

  2. He slept/was sleeping at 10 o clock this morning.

  3. I took/was taking some really great photos when I was/was being in California.

  4. He met/was meeting Mary yesterday.

  5. When I checked/was checking the sales reports I found a mistake there.

  6. When I studied/was studying the market I found/was finding the most reliable company.

  7. When I was entering/entered the room, the secretary was working/worked on the computer.

  8. I was meeting/met my old friend when I left/was leaving the plant.

V. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple или Past Continuous:

  1. While I ___________ (do) the washing-up, I ______ (break) a glass.

  2. We _______ (walk) in the woods when the storm _________ (begin).

  3. Tom _________ (watch) the match when the TV _______ (break down).

  4. We __________ (talk) when she __________(come) into the room.

  5. We __________ (see) a bad accident when we __________ (drive) to the airport

Present perfect The Present Perfect Tense (Настоящее совершенное время)

Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола. На русский язык переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени.

I have seen this film.

Я посмотрел этот фильм.

- Have you seen this film?

- Yes, I have / - No, I haven’t.

I have not (haven’t) seen this film.

He has signed the contract

Он подписал контракт.

- Has he signed the contract?

- Yes, he has / - No he hasn’t.

He has not (hasn’t) signed the contract.

  • Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершилось в прошлом (время действия не указывается), но результат которого очевиден или имеет значение в настоящем.

  • Если время действия указано, тогда употребляется Simple Past:

He signed the contract yesterday (last week, 2 hours ago, etc.).

  • Present Perfect употребляется со следующими наречиями:

Just

только что

He has just signed the contract.

Already

уже ( в утвердительных предложениях

и с оттенком удивления в общих вопросах)

He has already signed the contract.

I have already seen this film?

Has he already signed the contract?

Have you already seen this film?

Yet

ещё ( в отрицательных предложениях)

уже ( в вопросительных предложениях)

He hasn’t signed the contract yet.

I haven’t seen this film yet.

Has he signed the contract yet?

Have you seen this film yet?

Ever

когда-нибудь

(в вопросительных предложениях)

Have you ever been to London?

Never

никогда (когда речь идет о действиях в прошлом)

I have never been to Spain.

Lately

recently

в последнее время,

недавно

I haven’t seen him lately.

I have read this book recently.

Present Perfect может употребляться также

  • с обстоятельствами времени, которые обозначают еще не истекший отрезок времени, как например: today, this morning, this week, this month, this year и т.п.:

I’ve had a lot of work to do this week.

У меня было много работы на этой неделе.

  • с глаголами to be, to live, to know, to see, to hear для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени. При этом, предлог for обозначает период времени, а предлог since – начальный момент данного действия. Также может быть употреблено придаточное предложение времени, вводимое союзом since (с тех пор, как) – начальный момент времени.

I have known her for ten years. Я знаю ее 10 лет.

The children have been here

since 5 o’clock.

Дети здесь с пяти часов.

They haven’t heard anything about Robert since they left school.

Они ничего не слышали о Роберте с тех пор, как окончили школу.