2.3. Bleeding.

Causes - damage to the integrity of blood vessels due to mechanical or pathological disorders.

Are external bleeding (arterial, venous, capillary) and internal.

Signs - arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood. Blood has Fontenom. When she stands capillary bleeding drops. Venous blood is dark red.

Help.

Arterial bleeding is stopped by davlyuchoyi dressing. When bleeding from a large influx of blood - peredavlyuyut finger artery above the wound, and then impose davlyuchu bandage. When bleeding femoral artery impose a tourniquet above the site of bleeding. Under tourniquet put a layer of gauze to prevent damage to the skin and ner you and insert a note with the specified time of its imposition. Duration of you use of a tourniquet is limited to two hours, otherwise omertviye ending. If during this period is not possible to provide additional assistance graves, then after 1.5-2 h. tourniquet for a few minutes dispensers reduce bleeding while other methods (pressing a pad) and then again attraction harness. When bleeding carotid artery wound possibly squeeze your finger, then stuffed with lots of gauze that make Tampa Nadu.

Capillary bleeding stops well davlyuchoyu bandage. This leathersing around the treated solution of iodine, alcohol, vodka, cologne. If the pa HN serving a foreign object in the localization of its step in bandage hole, otherwise the subject can more deeply penetrate inside and cause complications. Stop venous bleeding more easily than arterial. It's enough to raise the limb, the maximum bend it in the joint, apply a bandage davlyuchu.

Internal bleeding. If the victim vidkashlyuye bright red foamed blood - pulmonary hemorrhage. This breathing zatrudnene. The patient was placed in a reclining to lozhennya under enclose the back cushion, chest put a cold compress. The patient is forbidden to talk or move required hospitalization.

Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract characterized by vomiting dark red blood that zsilasya. Victim provide a reclining position, legs bent at the knees. Victim on give the position when the head for its normal blood supply should be slightly lower torso.

2.4. Frostbite.

It occurs only during prolonged action of cold. Overall frostbite promotes weakening of the body as a result of starvation, exhaustion or disease. Most frostbite fingers and toes, nose, ears and cheeks. There are 4 degrees of frostbite (redness, swelling, blisters, sores, and numbness of body parts).

There is in the following order: cold, numbness, pain disappears sensitivity.

Help. To warm person, cover sterile bandage chilblain place. In the 1st degree (redness, swelling) - rubbing alcohol, vodka, fur. Do not rub with snow!

2.5. Overheating.

Overheating - heat or sunstroke.

Symptoms: headache, nausea, thirst, dizziness, may be nosebleeds.

Help. Move in the shadows, pour with cold water, on the head – cold compress, cold drink, breath control and cardiac activity.

2.6. Burns (thermal, chemical, electrical burns).

Distinguishes four degrees of burns by depth of injury (1 - redness, edema, 2 - blisters ... 4-burn to the bone).

Thermal burns. Help: sterile bandage, to give calming medicine, drive to the hospital, at the 1st and 2nd degree - under cold water.

Chemical burns. Help: wash water 10 - 15 minutes, Acid burns - wash alkaline solution (soda), alkali burns - acid solution (vinegar, boric acid).

Electrical burns. Help: release from the power source (do not touch the body person who is under stress), severe damage - resuscitation, with mild - to give soothing medicine.