2.3. Hydrological emergency situations(ec).

Hydrological sea EC include:

-Strong swell waves of sea or reservoirs;

-High or low sea level;

-Early freezing;

-Threatening icing of vehicles.

Hydrological freshwater EC include:

-High levels of water;

-Shortage of water;

-Law levels of water;

-Early Freezing and appearance of ice on navigable waters and rivers;

-Intensive floating of ice;

-Increasing groundwater (flooding).

The most resonant hydrological EC in 2007 in Ukraine were:

November 11, 2007 due to squally winds (gusts to 38 m / s), heavy sea state 5-6 (wave height recorded in the Black Sea up to 5 m) in Kerch, Berdyansk Commercial Sea Port, narrow bay, cape and Meganom Kherson lighthouse sank five ships, eight ships ran aground, 2 ship wave washed up on shore, the sea fell about 1.2 tons of oil and 2.1 tons of sulfur ;

Seli.

Seli -it floods with a high concentration of soil mineral pieces, rocks, debris rocks (from 10-15 to 75% of the flow).

There countryside in pools of small mountain rivers due to heavy rains, heavy snow melt,avalanches, landslides, earthquakes.

"Sel" (sayl) - Arabic word and means a flood that is in appearance mudflow - is insanely boiling wave height of five-story building, which rushes gorge with great speed.

The composition of solid material that carries mudflow, they can be divided into:

-mud (a mixture of water from the soil at a concentration of stones, volumetric weight is 1.5-2 m / m);

-mud-stoned (a mixture of water, gravel, small stones, volume weight - 2,1-2,5 t / m);

• water-stoned (a mixture of mostly water with large stones, volume weight - 1.1-1.5 t / m).

In the Carpathians most common water-stoned have low power. Speed mudflows typically is 2,5-4,5 m/s, but during the breakout of congestion, it can reach 8-10 m / s or more.

Forecasting Methods mudflows do not exist today, because science does not know exactly what triggers the beginning of the ascent flow. However, we know that the necessary two main front-language - enough fragments of rocks and water. However, for some areas of mud laid down certain criteria to assess the likelihood of landslides.

Means against mudslides are quite varied:

• construction of dams,

• Cascade fountains for destroying mudslides,

• walls for fixing lining etc.

Recommendations for safety landslides, avalanches and seli (?):

• in case of warning mudflow or landslide that is coming, you should leave the premises as soon as possible and get out in a dangerous place;

• provide assistance to people who are in mudflow, you-By using the boards, sticks, ropes and other means, drawing people from the flow in the direction of its movement, gradually approaching the edge;

• the capture avalanches, you must do everything to be on the surface (freed from the burden, try to move up, moves as if swimming), and if not, then you should try to close the jacket face to create an air cushion (snow dust into the nose and mouth - a man choking);

• Going to the mountains to have a rope avalanche of bright color, try to throw a rope to the surface, thanks to the rope the man who got into a snowball could find.