2.2. Meteorological emergencies.

To meteorological emergencies is included: significant rainfall, a significant increase or decrease in temperature, storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, and others.

According classifier of emergencies [6], meteorological emergencies include the following types:

- Meteorological emergencies associated with atmospheric precipitations;

- Heavy rain (downpour) (rainfall in 1 hour 30 mm or more);

- Large hail (diameter of hailstones is more than 20 mm);

- Very heavy snowfall (snow falling in 12 hours 20 mm or more);

- Meteorological emergencies due to the temperature;

- Very severe frost (air temperature minus 30 - 35 ° C and below);

- Very strong heat (air temperature 35 - 40 ° C and above);

- The drought, the effects of mass drying and loss of crops;

- Frost, with the effects of massive damage and loss of crops, unharvested crop;

Other meteorological emergencies:

- Strong wind (wind speed of 25 km / s or more), squalls and tornadoes

- Severe dust storms (visibility less than 100 m)

- Strong adhesion of snow (wet layer of frozen snow on trees, trunks, electrical wires, etc.. with a thickness of 35 mm or more)

- Strong ice (the layer of ice on the roads more than 20 mm)

- Snow drifts (complete stop of traffic on the roads)

- Avalanches

- Strong storm (complete stop of traffic on the roads)

- Heavy fog (visibility less than 100 meters longer than 12 hours)

- Skippers

Storms, hurricanes, tornadoes.

Hurricane – a strong wind with a speed more than 32 m.

Wind - one of the most important components of life. But it can be devastating, much more danger than some other elements.

British admiral F.Bofort in 1806r. proposed a 12-point scale for measuring winds. He distributed winds depending on the velocity of the air masses. Wind force in 9 points, when speed is from 18 to 21 m/s, and can destroy old buildings, tore off the roofs of buildings. This is called a wind storm. Wind power in 10-11 points (storm, severe storm) when speed is from 21 to 29 m / s, and destroys strong building, pulling out the roots of trees, knocks down telephone poles, etc.. Wind speed over 32 m/s is called a hurricane (tropical cyclones, typhoons).

Tornado (like a screw vertical airflow with a significant velocity) causes the destruction of buildings, fires, destruction of different techniques, vortex motions airstream tornado can lift cars, trains, bridges and so on.

Tornadoes may also occur in Ukraine, they are often observed at Black and Azov Seas.

In 2007, Ukraine registered 4 ES meteorological state level. The most resonant were:

• In April - May in Crimea, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kirovograd, Lugansk, Nikolaev, Odessa, Sumy, Kharkiv, Kherson and Cherkasy regions due to drought was completely destroyed crops area of about 1400 ha (16% death to the cultivated area) and a massive damage to agricultural crops total area of about 8500 hectares. The amount of damages is over 450 million (ES state level);

• In the night from 23 to 24 March due to strong winds (20-25 m/s with gusts of 30-35 m/s), the occurrence of dust storms in Mykolayiv, Odesa, Kherson and Crimea occurred triggering damage and emergency protection system power, because that power has been disconnected from the more than 1,000 settlements destroyed and damaged roofs of residential buildings, schools, hospitals and enterprises of different ownership. The amount of pecuniary loss is 19.8 million (ES state level).

Some ES regional level:

• in Volyn and Rivne oblasts (July 22), when due to formation of tornado and wind gusts, lightning rains were blackouts in more than 350 towns, destroyed homes, damaged buildings and buildings, power lines, disconnected PBX. Completely fell 295 hectares of forest and 4500 hectares partially (NA regional level);

• in the Mykolaiv region (July 23) in Ascension and 5 districts where thunderstorms result, heavy rains and strong winds (15-20 m/s) occurred off of electricity 89 settlements. Damaged more than 1,000 buildings of residential and office buildings (ES Reg. Levels);

Security Advisories. After receiving a notice about a hurricane, you should:

- Tightly shut doors and windows;

- From roofs and balconies pick items that can fall and injure a person;

- Stay away from the windows, to not get injured by splinters of broken glass;

- The safest place during a hurricane are basements, storage, subway the ground-floor brick buildings;

- When hurricane found a man in an open area, it's best to find a shelter in a hollow (hole ravine, ditch);

- A hurricane may be accompanied by thunder, to avoid situations in which increases the likelihood of lightning: Do not stand under a tree, do not approach the power lines and so on.