Reports

1. Socio-economic and ideological foundations of ancient culture.

2. Myths and mythology as a part of ancient culture.

3. Art masterpieces of ancient civilization.

4. Antiquity as a phenomenon of world culture and spirituality.

Questions for self practice:

1. What characteristics should an ancient culture?

2. Name the prominent figures of literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome.

3. Why is achievement of ancient civilization foundation of European civilization?

4. Expand the content of ideological basis of the ancient world.

5. What are the main stages in its development was ancient Greek culture?

6. What is the historical importance of Roman law?

7. When, where and under what historical circumstances Christianity was born?

Subject. The cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance.

1. Historical and cultural content of the renaissance, humanistic principles of Renaissance culture.

2. Literature and art in the spiritual life of society, the development of artistic styles of the day.

3. Impact of Renaissance ideas of spiritual and cultural processes in Europe and Ukraine.

Literature: 1,9,17,20,45,47,61.

Since the independent processing of the topic of the training course, you should remember that culture is gradually percolating Renaissance in Medieval times, and the center of this phenomenon was Italy. It is in this country were the most famous works of the Renaissance (Italian - Rinasimento), lived here and worked Titans High Renaissance. Italian thinkers, humanists occupied a leading position among European intellectuals of the day, their heritage came into the treasury of the whole Western culture.

Analyzing the events of the Renaissance in Europe, secure those basic periods (stages) that occurred during the evolution of culture and society in general during the XIII - early seventeenth centuries. Particular attention should be paid to the day of the High Renaissance - the most flourishing of art in all its various forms. Among the names and figures that represent this cultural and spiritual phenomenon, should be called Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Santi, Michelangelo Buonarroti. These artists are in many ways embody the Italian and European art - painting, sculpture, architecture. Fundamental changes in the worldview of the people of that era also are inextricably linked to the activities of "big three», representatives and followers which embodied in his famous works of new, progressive ideas.

Considering the transformation of the Renaissance in Europe, pay attention to the urbanization process, further development of cities as centers of crafts, trade and secular culture. Western European cities became centers of perception and the spread of humanist ideology, values, spiritual freedom, national self-government. European burghers and intellectuals gradually made new spiritual community that is confident and appeared on the forefront of continental and world history. Rethinking heritage of ancient culture based on Christian traditions, they sought a new model of relations through "society - the state - the individual." Humanists clearly actualized somewhat forgotten Greco-Roman hedonism and anthropocentrism. Entrepreneurship and sense of personal responsibility for their own destiny found innovative action of the early bourgeois trends, especially in the Nordic countries. First of all, of Germany, the Netherlands, England, Switzerland, to some extent - France and Spain. The first four countries have launched the Reformation and the formation process on the basis of the new Protestant ethics, in fact justified bourgeois, capitalist relations in society. "The spirit of capitalism" and the more progressive material culture and unequivocally reflected in the spiritual life of Europeans, their artistic creativity.

In preparing this topic seminars, ensure key aspects of life such figures as Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Lorenzo Valla, Giovanni Boccaccio, Erasmus, Giordano Bruno. Characteristics of Renaissance artistic efforts would be incomplete without mention of the masterpieces created by Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Bramante, Brunelleschi, and in the late Renaissance - Giorgione, Titian, Veronese and Tintoretto. As for the artistic peaks of the Northern Renaissance art to remember those talented, gifted figures as Albrecht Dürer, Jerome Bosch, Francois Rabelais, William Shakespeare, Miguel Cervantes, El Greco, Pieter Brueghel. It is also possible and independent choice of historical and cultural figures who, in your opinion, had a significant impact on the Renaissance process.

Completing the self-study of the topic of the course, you must make an appropriate reasoned conclusions, understanding the transitional nature of the Renaissance. This bright, contradictory night summed the result of the Middle Ages with its asceticism and sacred, and created important prerequisites for joining Europe and the world in modern times.

Independent work on the topic will be productive if the mastery of the content of terms such as theology, heretical teachings, religious, religious orders, the split in Christianity, the Roman Catholic Church, Orthodox (Orthodox) church, Vizantian influence, sacralization, the first European universities, scholasticism, folk heroic epics, knight literature, courtly poetry, troubadours, vahants, truvers, urban culture, morality, Romanesque, Gothic architecture. It is also advisable to learn the essence of such phenomena as the Italian Renaissance, Renaissance, the ideology of humanism, the Northern Renaissance, the Reformation, church reaction and the Inquisition, the titans of the High Renaissance, a national literary language, the crisis of medieval foundations, early bourgeois trends, artistic masterpieces.