Reports

1. Geographical and natural climatic factors emergence ancient oriental civilizations the world.

2. Sacred culture and spirituality of ancient East.

3. Political culture and state despotism in the countries of the Ancient East.

4. Religious doctrines and teachings of ancient India and China.

5. Art and art works in ancient Mesopotamia.

6. Scientific and technical achievements of the peoples of the Ancient East.

7. Oriental traditions and customs, from ancient to modern times.

Questions for self practice:

1. In which regions of the world first appeared centers of civilized life and early statehood?

2. Which countries and peoples belong to Mesopotamia?

3. What was the principle of sacredness in the social and cultural life of ancient peoples?

4. Where and when born the oldest system of writing, and it was a?

5. Name the most outstanding achievements in science and architecture of the Ancient East.

6. What the arts developed in Sumer, Babylon, Egypt, India and China?

7. Remember prominent thinkers, scientists, artists and statesmen of the Ancient East.

Subject. Culture of Antiquity and its global significance

1. The birth of civilization in Europe, the emergence of the ancient state formations.

2. Attitudinal foundations and artistic achievements of ancient Greece in the classical period.

3. Culture of the Hellenistic period, its peculiarities and contradictions.

4. Civilizational achievements and spiritual culture of ancient Rome.

Literature: 2,7,10,20,42,44,46.

Getting to the topic of self-processing workshops, contact the definition of the concept of "Antiquity", with its chronological boundaries and territories spread. Must learn a key thesis - that ancient culture was the cradle of all European civilization, but in a broader context - of Western culture as such. Particularly among the achievements of classical Hellenic and Roman culture can be defined such as the state polls, the democratic mechanisms of power and control, anthropocentrism, hedonism, Roman law and military art and more. Particular importance has gained weight and clever art, literature, mythology and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Famous Roman wisdom have not lost their depth and relevance and this day: «Cogito - ergo sum» («imagine - so am" in Latin). The wisdom of ancient thinkers imprinted itself in the very name of science - philosophy (love of wisdom), and a lot of guidance and predictions aristocrats of the spirit found its confirmation in the subsequent history of mankind.

Preparing for practice on the topic of the course, necessary to form a clear idea about the historical periods of day antiquity. Each period had its own internal logic and content, as was due to certain objective factors and factors. Researchers European antiquity distinguish the following stages (periods) in the emergence, growth and development ancient European culture:

- Cretan-Mycenaean (Aegean) protocivilization, actually Greek predecessor;

- Homeric era XI-IX centuries B.C.;

- archaic period VIII - VI centuries B.C.;

- Greek classical period, the highest point of prosperity Greek material and spiritual culture, statehood, Arts and Sciences (V century B.C.)

- the Hellenistic period (IV - I century B.C.) - the synthesis of Western and Eastern cultural traditions in the Greco-Macedonian expansion.

Culture of Ancient Rome appears as the final stage of the history of antiquity, marked its own identity, originality and significance. Studying this aspect of the theme, find out the reasons for the spread of such phenomena in public life «Populus Romanus», as pragmatism, Utility, rationality and so on. Consider also the evolution of forms of political culture of Rome - from early kingdoms and republics into the empire and dictatorship (the era of the Principate and dominative syndrome of "tsezarism", "neronism"). Also, note Etruscan and Greek influences on Roman culture, the common and distinct in the mythology of these peoples, in religious representations.

Preparing for the workshop, try yourself to understand the basic trends of ancient Roman art, the "golden age of literature," Architecture and Civil Engineering, portrait sculpture, painting and musical creativity.

Analyze those new tendencies and manifestations of Roman law and culture in general, which were caused by the advent of historical downstage of early Christianity. Identify the basic principles of Christian doctrine and its impact on the cultural and public-political history of late Rome. At the end of self-study topics appropriate to make corresponding reasonable conclusions, including the world's ancient cultural heritage value.

Independent work on the subject requires the development of concepts such as the phenomenon of antiquity, Cretan-Mycenaean culture, the Homeric Age, archaic, classical period, the birth of science and philosophy, policy, democracy, polytheism, the Etruscans, the Roman civilization, the republican system, Roman, Hellenistic, Principate era and dominative, ancient art and philosophy, the collapse of the Roman Empire, the emergence of Christianity.