Reports

1. Theories and concepts of culture in the world scientific opinion.

2. The relationship of culture and economics in the historical progress of mankind.

3. Human function of culture and its role in the life and development.

4. Religious beliefs and cults in ancient times: the origin, nature, purpose.

Questions for self practice:

1. What is the essence of the concepts of "culture", "World Culture", "national culture"?

2. Why culture is a complex social phenomenon, how it affects the general condition of society?

3. What are the functions, levels and types of crops do you know?

4. Expand the relationship between culture and economy in the process of society.

5. What are the defining features of culture was primitive society?

Subject. Establishment and Development of Culture of the Ancient East

1. Social-economic conditions of ancient civilizations and countries on Earth.

2. Major achievements in the material and spiritual heritage of peoples of ancient Sumer, Akkad, Babylon and Assyria.

3. Cultural phenomena and religious teachings of ancient Egypt, India and China.

Literature: 11,13,20,25,29,31,52,53,54.

Independently examining the topic of the course, you need to focus on the concept of "civilization" and its characteristic traits and characteristics. In oriental cultures, ancient Eastern established a special type, in many respects unique traditions of peoples and states of being. The emergence of the oldest centers of civilization on the planet due to the regions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. It is here formed the best conditions for rapid development of material culture, literacy, education, science and art. Exceptional significance of the irrigation farming in the valleys of large rivers - the Tigris and Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Ganges, Yangtze and Yellow River.

Phenomenon of the Ancient East was a phenomenon of Eastern despotism, on the basis of which was organized system of political power and control society. Monarchy with absolute power adored governors became the personification of the political culture of the peoples of Asia for a long historical period. Personality, individual, individual always played a secondary role here, gave priority to the collective, society, state. Moral and ethical standards that date back to ancient times and have an almost 6-thousand-year history, retain their relevance and current conditions.

When examined the nature of culture of ancient Egypt, Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Assyria, Iran, and Far Eastern ethnic groups of India and China, consider the following aspects and its implications:

• sacralization power of kings, pharaohs, emperors and development of the cult afterlife and immortality;

• construction of giant pyramids, tombs and the development of monumental sculpture and architecture;

• contents of mythological and religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians, the inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Indians, Chinese, place and role of priests in the social and political life;

• the emergence of primitive scientific knowledge and education, the accumulation and transfer of valuable life experience;

• images and stories of Eastern epics, poems, collections of hymns and songs, achievements in painting, ceramics, musical creativity, in art in general;

• birth of the first legal codes, laws, legal systems as regulators of the whole complex of social relations.

In preparation for the practice identify and find out the value of cultural achievements of ancient peoples of the East in the further evolution of human civilization. Fix what is in this part of the world formed such original, original teachings and philosophical doctrines, like Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, and finally, one of the world religions - Buddhism.

This seminar requires the adoption of such important terms as the oldest state, the origin of civilization, the oppressive system, writing, pictography, hieroglyphic writing, sacred culture, places of worship, cuneiform writing, law, science, art, zaroastryzm, Islam, Veda and Varna, Hinduism, caste system, Jainism, Taoism, Confucianism, religious and philosophical systems, rituals, public administration, education, Buddhism.