MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

Odessa State Economic University

GUIDELINE

for students work in the study subjects

"HISTORY OF THE FOREIGN CULTURE"

for students of all specialties

Odessa 2010

Dear students!

Your attention offered guidelines for independent work in studying the course "History of the foreign culture." This course aims to enrich students humanitarian training, to promote scientific outlook, increase comprehensive, professional and cultural level of the future specialist. Formation of a young man, a citizen of his country should be based on the development of the huge spiritual experience that humanity has accumulated over the millennia of its history. Today it is difficult to imagine a professional economist, mature, civilized person without a basic knowledge of the history of world culture, including cultural achievements of European nations. Cognitive function of our curriculum is supplemented and ideological, educational, helping students to independently form their own vision of the world, its diversity and contradictions. Orientation in the modern multicultural and multidenominational world, art trends and movements will improve the real culture of business relationships, management of the ethics and creating a positive psychological climate in the business environment. After all civilizational heritage enriches personality, her spirit form, give the opportunity to be a worthy member of society, the labor collective and continuous self-improvement and self-realization.

Note that in modern domestic and foreign culture, there are interesting and yet complex processes, understand the essence of which is impossible without taking into account the historical traditions of various nations, nationalities, countries, states, etc. Culture is a complex social phenomenon, it plays a huge and sometimes crucial, role in human life. Cultural norms established customs, mentality affect the work life, leisure, lifestyle of a whole society and the individual. Many culture-related problems are global, international character. Cultural development is closely linked with the progress of mankind, with an effective solution to social and economic issues. Great cultural mission - preserving the humanistic foundations of life and fostering common, universal values, especially in the era of nuclear technology.

The modern world culture is diverse full of regional, national, ethnic and other differences. Scientific and technological progress, the development of international relations, economic integration are factors that affect the internationalization of culture in modern terms. This phenomenon leads to the strengthening and deepening interaction and interpenetration of cultures and give rise to various controversies, debates. It is acutely the question of the relationship between globalization of originality, uniqueness, even unique cultures of our planet.

The course "History of foreign culture" includes coverage of humanistic content of world culture, its place and role in the development of human society, its influence on the formation and development of national cultures, the overall progress of world civilization. Subjects training course covers the major periods of foreign culture, from historical pershovytokiv and ending modern, contemporary problems of cultural life. Curriculum provides scientific understanding about the origin and establishment of world culture, the patterns of development and forms of existence. The course reflects the major stages of historical development of European culture, the process of creating material and spiritual values, life and work of famous artists. European culture - is an inexhaustible source of wisdom, spiritual treasure in the evolution of society. Many features of this cultural formation is both the foundation, the main components of universal culture, role models cultures of other regions. The history of European culture includes such classic era as Antiquity, Medieval, Renaissance, New Era, including the era of Enlightenment, Modern era. Culture is the Ancient East and the state has its unique place in the genesis of human civilization, and the dialogue of East and West eventually becoming more important.

On the course "History of foreign culture" is given 108 hours, of which 20 hours - lectures, 20 hours - seminars. Because most of the time to master the material and the application rate - a self-study students. Given this, data were prepared guidelines that include relevant topics and plans seminars, recommended literature, questions for self-control, themes essays, assignments for independent work of students and individual work in preparation for the workshops, as well as for the current and final control.

We hope that our learning course will be for you, dear students, another step in "a continuous path of man to light" (Benedetto Croce), and you will realize that "culture that develops only the material side without spiritual progress similar ship, which was left without a steering and control, maneuverability and rapidly loses rushes toward catastrophe "(A. Schweitzer).

Practice.

Subject. The history of foreign culture as a scientific and educational discipline. Culture and Society.

1. Subject and object of study in the course "History of the foreign culture," its essence, the purpose and objectives.

2. Human culture, its content, structure, functions and varieties. The problem of correlation and interaction between global and national cultures.

3. The origin of culture in the era of primitive society.

Literature: 4,6,9,14,39,43,62.

Getting to self-handling course "History of foreign culture" should understand his subject and object, meaningful content, goal and objectives. The key concept is the culture itself as a special phenomenon of human activity. It arises in space and time, has a chronological dimension, periods, stages of development, certain varieties corresponding structure. Find out the essence of culture in its historical development is possible through analysis of the basic functions, the main are:

• The development and transformation of nature;

• The collection, storage and transmission of knowledge (experience);

• regulatory function (principles, principles, norms, taboos);

• axiological function (values, ideological orientations of society);

• lyudynotvorcha, humanistic function of culture, which summarizes all the others and is deciding the main.

The traditional scheme of historical periodization of human culture is the following:

- Ancient Culture (Antiquity in Europe and the civilization of Ancient East);

- Culture of the Middle Ages and the transition Renaissance (Renaissance);

- New Time Culture including the era of Enlightenment;

- Modern Culture and modern times.

In preparation for the question of the origin, formation and development of human culture in the initial day to find out the historical background of this process and pay special attention to the problem of the origin and biological evolution of man himself. Should adopt the conclusion of a key role in the Upper Paleolithic culture of primitive society, the uniqueness of "Neolithic Revolution" that led to transition people from assigning the type of entity to replicable. In particular, the following types of economic activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts. That is, they have served to further increase in the efficiency of human labor, the entire material culture of the Stone Age. Secondary meaning is acquired more collecting, hunting, fishing, which yielded another, more advanced types of entities.

In the process of self-training course in this subject, note the changes in the social organization of primitive society, the evolution of human thought, philosophy, social psychology. Track the appearance of embryos of religious consciousness, the first belief and worship, their significant influence on artistic creativity and the art of primitive man. Among the major manifestations of spirituality of the period observed, such as animism, fetishism, magic and totemism to reflect the phenomenon of deification of the world around us, threatening and unknown forces of nature, feeling zanurenosti human being in this dangerous, threatening the world. Consider also the progress of the formation of mythology in human society, the gradual preparation of the foundations of future religious dogmas and doctrines.

Determine the nature and causes of such phenomena as syncretism of primitive culture, especially in the earliest stages of its development. An important aspect of this theme is also a problem of the origin and achievements Eneolithic Tripoli culture that is directly related to geographical space, which later evolved Ukrainian national culture.

Summing up the consideration of the topic of the course and preparation for practice, make appropriate conclusions. The initial thesis must be that it is culture day pervisnosti created the foundation for the subsequent flowering of the great civilizations of antiquity, of Greece in the west to China in the East.

Since this topic is recommended to comprehend and assimilate these key categories as the essence of culture, spirituality, cultural variations, functions of culture, periodization of historical and cultural development, originality, syncretism, Human Origins, archetype, Stone Age, Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, world view and religious belief, megaliths, animism, magic, fetishism, totemism.