Упражнения

4. К каждой данной паре подберите русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское.

to portray (1) — рисовать, изображать (...)

refinement (1) — усовершенствование (. . .)

essentials (1) — основа, сущность (. . .)

personal (2) — личный (. . .)

balanced (2) —соразмерный; уравновешенный (. . .)

conception (2) — замысел (. . .)

metropolis (3) — столица (. . .)

urban (4) — городской (. . .)

isolated (4) — обособленный, удаленный (. . .)

5. Укажите, к каким абзацам текста могут служить за­головками данные предложения. Расположите их, со­гласно последовательности изложения.

1. The city as a symbol of social relationships.

2. The plan neglects the essentials of family life.

3. Different forms and ideas of the "city of the future".

4. The modern city has still to be built.

5. One cannot base an architectural conception on such a sociology.

6. The city as an expression and symbolization of man.

6. Сгруппируйте данные предложения по следующим трем темам: (а, b, с).

a) Different forms and ideas in which the "city of the future" was conceived, b) The principles on which the ar­chitectural embodiment of the modern city should be based. c) Each generation writes its biography in the buildings it creates.

1. The modern city shouldn't be examined with reference to only four functions: work, transportation, dwelling, and recreation. 2. Conceivably a city could be built underground. 3. It is obvious that the "modern city" cannot be created by mechanical improvements. 4. Each culture characterizes in the city the unifying idea that runs through its activities. 5. Above all, the city is a symbol of social relationships. 6. The modern city should be examined with reference to biological, social, and personal needs of the community, its cultural and educational purposes. 7. A city might be en­closed within a single massive, air-conditioned skyscraper with no window opening to the outer world. 8. In cities not only do the social functions exist, they are significant. 9. The physical problems of planning and the question of architec­tural form are closely connected with the more fundamental concerns of the relation of population to industry and to land and the possibilities of creating a new rural-urban pat­tern. 10. They envisioned superskyscraper cities lived in largely under artificial light, zoned in horizontal layers according to incomes, and utilizing every mechanical device. 11. The medieval city says: "protection under the eye of God". 12. In the ideal form of the modern city one must look for a fuller embodiment of human needs. 13. A city should be big enough to achieve social co-operation, but not so big as to handicap these functions. 14. The Baroque city says: "power under the favour of the Prince". 15. No ideal plan can do justice to the potential nature of modern man if it does not further the interaction of the urban and the rural patterns of life. 16. The industrial city says: "pro­duction no matter what the human cost".

7. Сверяясь с текстом, подберите нужное значение выде­ленных слов в данных сочетаниях; переведите эти со­четания.

1. ...visible translations of the total meaning (3) (перевод, интерпретация, воплощение в жизнь, осуществление; весь, полный, целый)

2. ...that runs through (3) (прокалывать, просматривать, пронизывать, зачеркнуть)

3. ...under the favour of the Prince (3) (одобрение, доб­ро желательность, благосклонность, покровительство; князь, король, государь, правитель)

4. ...resources of culture and education (4) (запасы, ресурсы, возможность, средство)

8. Сверяясь с текстом, подберите из правого столбца нужное значение для данных слов и выражений.

...with reference to (2) ... 1. предположительно

...if it is anything (2) ... 2. если хотите

...conceivably (3) ... 3. с точки зрения

...no matter what (3) ... 4. ссылаясь

...in terms of (4) ... 5. какой бы ни было

.. .do justice (4) ... 6. отдать должное

...above all (3) ... 7. относительно

8. в переводе на

9. пожалуй

10. прежде всего

9. Вставьте в пропуск необходимую форму глагола стра­дательного или действительного залога.

1. The modern city cannot . . . (create, be created) by mechanical improvements. 2. One cannot . . . (base, be based) an architectural conception on such a sociology. 3. The ar­chitectural embodiment of the modern city is impossible until biological, social, and personal needs . . . (have can­vassed, have been canvassed), until the cultural and educa­tional purposes . . . (have outlined, have been outlined). 4. This was the chief contribution that modern sociology and technics . . . (have made, have been made) to the con­cept of the city itself. 5. A city could . . . (build, be built) underground, or it might . . . (enclose, be enclosed) within a single massive skyscraper. 6. The social limit . . . (has constantly exceeded, has been constantly exceeded) in the expansion of modern cities. 7. Each culture ... (is charac­terized, characterizes) in the city the unifying idea that . . . (is run, runs) through its activities.

10. В соответствии с содержанием вставьте в пропуск необходимую форму: Past Participle или Present Par­ticiple.

1. American skyscraper architects envisioned super-skyscraper cities . . . (lived in, living in) largely under artificial light, . . . (zoned, zoning) in horizontal layers according to incomes, and . . . (utilized, utilizing) every mechanical device. 2. The city of the future was conceived in the childish terms . . . (used, using) in the 1920's by va­rious American architects. 3. There is no natural limit to the city's growth except for a primitive dependence on a ... (limited, limiting) water and food supply. 4. The social co­operation is of a complex kind . . . (based, basing) on the necessary division of labour.

3B