Упражнения

4. Подберите соответствующий перевод к данным англий­ским словам.

contribution (1) limitation (2) original (3) adaptation (3) to control (3) combination (4) protection (4) to concentrate (4) to transform (5) visible (5)

1. превращать, преобразовы- вать 2. лимитирование 3. видимый, в поле зрения 4. контрибуция 5. управлять 6. приспособление (к уcло- виям) 7. оригинальный 8. вклад 9. ограничение 10. визуальный 11. сосредоточивать 12. адаптация 13. протекция 14 трансформировать 15. сочетание 16. концентрировать 17. защита 18. комбинация 19. контролировать 20. первоначальный

5. Укажите, к каким абзацам текста могут служить заголовками данные предложения. Расположите их со­гласно последовательности изложения.

1. City designed for protection and sanctuary.

2. A true community is a living organism.

3. To analyze historic city forms is to free the mind from these obsolete

stereotypes.

4. City designed for expression and extension of power in every form.

5. Planning of communities is the noblest form of archi­tectural planning.

6. City's change is a symptom of its life.

7. Uncritical imitation of Baroque principles.

6. В соответствии с содержанием текста дополните пред­ложения одним из данных вариантов (а, b, с).

1. ...is rather harmful than helpful.

a) The planning of communities... b) Creating too rigid a pattern... c) Analyzing both the city's medieval and its Baroque forms...

2. ...led to the erection of walls separating the town from the country.

a) Giving form to towns and regions... b) Setting too hard-and-fast a limitation... c) The necessity for protection...

3. ...because its life and its activities no longer fit the forms its early planners imposed.

a) The modern city grew up around an older core... b) Cer­tain urban lay-outs are still looked upon as standard forms . c) Many a city lives a difficult life...

7. Заполните пропуск требуемой формой глагола страдательного или действительного залога.

1. Someone must ... (plan, be planned) where streets are to ... (run, be run), parks are to ... (lay out, be laid out), and industrial facilities are to ...(furnish, be furnished). 2. The medieval city ...(designed, was designed) for pedes­trians. 3. Down to our own day these cores ...(have con­tinued, have been continued) to have a powerful influence on new plans. 4. The social functions of the medieval town ...(concentrated, were concentrated) in a square. 5. Certain urban lay-outs which... (have repeated, have been repeated) automatically ...(still look upon, are still looked upon) as standard forms. 6. Where the topography ...(supplies, is supplied) differences of level, the architecture enhances the vertical dimension. 7. The necessity for protection ...(dic­tated, was dictated) the use of a defensive site on hillside.

8. The Baroque city ...(formulated, was formulated) in the fifteenth century and ...(built, was built) in the seventeenth.

9. The city ...(organizes, is organized) for show. 10. Where verticality is absent, the architecture ...(makes up, is made up) for it. 11. The typical Baroque form might ...(call, be called) the parade city. 12. The old medieval market square ...(transforms, is transformed) into a traffic circle. 13. The Baroque plan ...(left, was left) a deep imprint on later generations.

8. По формальным признакам найдите группы подлежа­щего и сказуемого и определите границы главного и придаточных предложений. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. The planner is making what is perhaps his most valu­able contribution to human living. 2. Whatever is visible must submit to this geometry. 3. Many a city lives a diffi­cult existence because its life and its activities no longer fit the forms its early planners imposed.

9. Прочтите текст про себя за 1 минуту. Определите, какие недостатки современного городского планирова­ния упоминаются в нем.

Nowhere, perhaps, are the limitations of an uncritical imitation of Baroque principles so contradictory as in the revival and expansion of the L'Enfant plan for Washington. During the second half of the nineteenth century a Ba­roque revival took place in planning.

One of the great limitations of the late Baroque tradition, as carried into the modern city by planners in New York, is that its social objectives, are as narrow as its functional requirements; hence its triumphs have been limited to park ways, drives, parks, and public buildings, since it has no adequate formula for dealing with the city as a whole.

The present-day municipal engineers and city planning authorities deal only with the two-dimensional plan But planning is not separable from building. Planning, to be effective, means responsible collective oversight of the whole process, to the end of creating a harmonious social and aes­thetic whole. Lacking such collective purposes, modern cities, from Boston to Bombay, from Buenos Aires " to Birming­ham, are—what they so unfortunately are.

2B