Упражнения

4. Укажите, какие из данных предложений являются пра­вильными с точки зрения содержания текста и какие неправильными. Какие предложения не соответствуют содержанию текста?

1. With the growth of the deadweight of oil tankers the necessity of more effective pollution control has become very urgent. 2. Navigation in a harnessed river is made possible by providing locks. 3. Breakwaters are built to reduce the force of waves and their effect on the port basin. 4. Dry docks may be used for providing protection for vessels during unload­ing operations. 5. In harbours with a considerable water level change harbour docks are particularly useful. 6. Coal and oil in modern ports are handled together with other car­goes. 7. Passenger transportation traffic has greatly increased of late and forms a special part of port operation. 8. Protec­tive coatings for concrete and steel make it possible to use lighter and more economical constructions instead of heavy masonry.

5.Укажите, в каких абзацах текста уточняются следую­ щие моменты:

1. Breakwaters are port protective structures. 2. The float­ing dock functions on a principle different from that of a re­pair dock. 3. Oil pollution is a serious problem and some measures are being taken to prevent it.

6. Расположите следующие пункты плана статьи в после­довательности, соответствующей содержанию текста.

1. Modern means of improving the durability of reinforced concrete in marine structures.

2. Provision of ship repairing facilities.

3. Problems raised due to increased volumes of oil to be moved around

the world.

4. Means of providing safe accommodation of a ship in the port.

7. Прочтите текст про себя за 1 минуту и ответьте по-русски, при каком условии защищенная гавань может быть превращена в крупный порт.

A port is a harbor sheltered from winds and storms either naturally or artificially where marine terminal facilities are provided consisting of pier or wharves at which ships berth while loading and unloading cargoes, of transit sheds and other storage areas where ships may discharge incoming goods, and warehouses where goods may be stored for longer periods while awaiting distribution or selling. Thus the terminal must be served by railroad, highway or inland waterway connections.

The availability of inland communications has an impor­tant bearing on the location of a port. Unless it is served with good highways, railroads and waterways leading to inland cities or the conditions are favourable for the development or enlargement of these arteries of communication, a port will not flourish. There are many excellent natural harbor loca­tions which from engineering standpoint would be ideal for the construction of a port, but which are poorly situated with respect to inland communications. As to the size of a port it is determined to a large extent by the number and size of ships to use the harbor.

SECTION V

TOWN TRAFFIC AND ROADS

A . ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ