Упражнения

3. Подберите соответствующий перевод из правого столбца к данным английским словам:

structural (1) nation (2) activities (2) ignore (3) basic (4) procedure (4) confused (4) special (5) practical (5)

1. конфуз 2. практический 3. нация 4. конструктивный 5. активность 6. игнорировать 7. деятельность 8. базовый 9. основной 10. беспорядочный 11. последовательность, метод 12. целесообразный 13. особый

4. К каждой данной паре дайте русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское, помогающее понять его смысл.

Образец: to express — выражать (экспрессия)

1. imitation — подражание (. . .)

2. separate — отдельный (. . ,)

3. constant — постоянный (. . .)

4. to decorate — оформлять (...)

5. nature — характер (. . .)

6. training — подготовка (. . .)

7. reason — причина (. . .)

8. to integrate — объединять в единое целое (. . .)

9. repetition — повторение (. . .)

10. function — назначение (. . .)

11. the requisite — все необходимое (. . .)

12. to evolve—развивать (. . .)

13. essential — основной (. . .)

14. to guide — дать руководство (. . .)

5. Укажите, какое из данных утверждений выражает главную тему текста.

1. The historical background of twentieth-century archi­tecture finds little place in this article. 2. Books on the theory of architecture exist in fair number. 3. Three basic factors in architecture—convenience, strength and beauty-are always present and interrelated in the best structures. 4. This paradox of change and repetition is clearly illustrated in any architectural style.

6. В соответствии с содержанием текста дополните предложения одним из данных вариантов (а, Ь, с, d).

1. From the very beginnings of architecture many systems and theories have been evolved for the construction of the buildings ...

a) ...that set forth the principles upon which buildings should be designed, b) ...that do not imply a denial of the value of our cultural heritage, c) ...that have housed nations and generations of men in all their essential activities, d) ...that every element in it has a triple implication.

2. The designer must have a sufficient knowledge of engi­neering and of building materials...

a) ...to produce a designer capable always of making the requisite in the light of these three factors, b) ...to enable him to create economically a strong as well as practical struc­ture, c) ...to think of one of them without almost automatical­ly considering the other two as well, d) ...to make it pretty.

3. ...but it must be expressed in contemporary terminol­ogy.

a) This paradox of change and repetition is clearly illus­trated ... b) Nearly two thousand years ago the Roman archi­tect Vitruvius listed three basic factors in architecture... c) This triple nature of architectural design is one of the reasons why architecture is a difficult art... d) The heritage of the past cannot be ignored...

4. ...and philosophers and historians have taken great pains to explain it.

a) The paradox of the coexistence of change and survival is evident in all phases of the human story... b) Thus archi­tectural design entails the study of solutions for convenience, for structure, and for appearance... c) Writing on architecture is almost as old as writing itself... d) The historical background of twentieth-century architecture finds little place in this article...

7. а) Укажите, какие из данных слов имеют отрицатель­ные префиксы tin-, in-, im-; переведите их.

impossible, imply, incoherent, imagination, integration, unsatisfactory, imitation, unless, inherent.

б) Укажите, какие из данных слов являются существи­тельными и какие прилагательными:

principal, cultural, denial, material, structural, essential, social, practical, historical, architectural, survival, economi­cal, principle.

в) Образуйте от следующих глаголов существительные, используя соответственно суффиксы: -tion, -ion.

to repeat, to construct, to consider, to express, to create, to imagine, to integrate, to illustrate, to interact, to interre­late, to produce, to imitate, to decorate, to add, to recognize, to imply, to satisfy.

8. Переведите письменно со словарем текст за 20 минут.

The architect uses drawings to achieve his objective, but in the strict meaning of the term a work of architecture exists only when it stands complete, a concrete object for all to see or to use. Drawings, no matter how magnificent the design they show, are never in themselves works of ar­chitecture. The dangers of "paper architecture" are very great. It is necessary to point out that many elements which look well on a drawing may be either completely ineffective or definitely harmful in the actual building. Paper architec­ture is the result of thinking of drawings and the effects they make as an end rather than a means. In fact, drawings can represent buildings only symbolically. A valid criticism against much eclectic architecture is that it is essentially paper architecture, because eclectic buildings are full of decorative elements which look well on the drawing—perhaps even seem necessary on the drawing—yet in the actual build­ings they are completely meaningless.

1B