Упражнения

4. Сверяясь с текстом, подберите перевод из правого столбца к данным английским словам.

to design 1. уклон

pebbles 2. заполнитель

truck 3. устанавливать

to establish 4. насыпь

fill 5. вагонетка

casting bed 6. доставлять

aggregate 7. форма

runways 8. планировка

to deliver 9. галька

slope 10. оборудование

lay-out 11. проектировать

storage bin 12. транспортные пути

mould 13. стенд для бетонирования сбор-

steam curing ных элементов

14. пропаривание

15. сырье

16. бункер для хранения материалов

5. Подберите синонимы из двух групп слов:

to employ 1. works

plant 2. to have a right to

* r.-c.— сокр. reinforced-concrete

production 3. to make use of

to establish 4. manufacturing

to deserve 5. to become greater

to increase 6. to set up

to keep in mind 7. to raise

to elevate 8. to keep in memory

6. Сверяясь с текстом, подберите к данным английским словам русские эквиваленты из правого столбца.

to maintain (1) 1. содержать; 2. поддерживать;

contribution (1) 3. ремонтировать

consideration (2) 1. контрибуция; 2. содействие;

grade (3) 3. вклад

lay-out (4) 1. рассмотрение; 2. соображе-

arrangement (5) пне; 3. обсуждение

plant (6) 1. покатость (уклон); 2. сорт;

3. градус

1. разбивка; 2. трасса; 3. пла­нировка

1. аранжировка; 2. располо­жение; 3. соглашение 1. растение; 2. оборудование; 3. завод

7. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений правильны и какие неправильны или не соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. At present in our country there are but a small number of plants producing precast r.-c. elements. 2. Ordinary brick-is an artificial stone made of clay by moulding and burning. 3. It is recommended to store aggregates and cement as close to the mixers as possible. 4. When designing a plant it is nec­essary to anticipate the future installation of additional equipment. 5. It is not economic to elevate all raw materials into storage bins over the mixers. 6. Lime, gypsum and ce­ment are the three materials most widely used in building construction. 7. The yard should slope to the main building of the plant from all directions.

8. К какому из неоконченных предложений (а, b, с) отно­сится данная фраза:

1. ... is now in operation in our country and abroad.

a) A vast amount of research work intended to raise the standards. . . b) A great number of plants producing precast r.-c. elements . . . c) A well-designed plant of sufficient capa­city . . .

2. . . .above the general grade of the yard.

a) To assure adequate drainage the plant floor level should be not less than 6 inches. . . b) The yard should slope away from the main building in all directions. . . c) The following general aspects should be. . .

3. . . .aggregates and cement should be stored as close to the mixers as possible.

a) For obvious reasons it is not advisable that... b) In large plants producing steel structures... c) Regardless of the general lay-out of the plant. . . .

9. К каким абзацам (указать номер) вы дадите следующие заголовки.

1. Requirements for drainage.

2. Raw materials move by gravity.

3. What must be taken into account before establishing a new plant?

10. Заполните пропуски инфинитивами: to assure, to make, to allow, to raise, выполняющими роль обстоятельства цели.

1. ... the standard of this young industry, a vast amount of research work has been done. 2. ... the decision concerning the establishment of a precast concrete products plant in a given area, a number of economic problems must beconsidered. 3. ... good drainage it is necessary that the floor level should be somewhat higher than that of the surrounding ground. 4. All raw materials are recommended to place in elevated position . . . them to move by gravity from the bins to the moulding machinery.

11. Прочтите текст за 1 минуту и дайте к нему подходящий заголовок.

Adequate provisions for workers' comfort and health must be considered in connection with the overall problem of plant lay-out. Clean and attractive personnel room facilities should be provided in the design of any modern plant. The admission of as much daylight as possible should be provided for. In general, care should be taken to obtain a sufficient amount of light in buildings in which men are to work. Painting the interior of the plant a light color will materially improve visibility. A qualified expert on illumination should make re­commendations on provisions for artificial lighting, and this problem should receive careful study from the standpoint of possible night operation of the plant. An adequate heating system should be installed so that cold-weather operations may not endanger the health or interfere with the efficiency of men working in the plant. A proper ventilation system must provide an adequate amount of fresh air.

SECTION IV

PORTS —MEANS OF OUTSIDE COMMUNICATION

A ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следующие английские слова. Используйте их для понимания текста.

location, prospect, position, commercial, expansion, mod­ernization, guarantee, operation, piers, project, provision, liner, transportation, container.

2. Вспомните значения следующих английских слов:

advantage, favourable, convenient, shape, availability, to weigh, capable of, to double, dimensions, to accelerate, extensive, mention, continuity.

3. Прочтите текст. Определите, в чем заключается основ­ ное различие типов причальных сооружений.

Text. Ports — Means of Outside Communication

1. Historically ports sprung up at locations of geographic advantage and most favourable position for trade and pros­ pects for future industrial development. River or sea routes promote a convenient means of transportation for cargoes, building materials, coal and oil, consumption goods and pas­ senger traffic. There is a mutually beneficial influence of the growing port and the developing town.

2. The points claiming the foremost attention in laying out the port are: most convenient position, most suitable shape of the harbor and the availability of transport routes to keep the port busy. The valuable experience gained by design­ ers in building marine structures has to be weighed against the commercial justification for this or that project. The de­ sign has to be flexible and capable of being modified under various circumstances.

3. Main port structures for landing are, wharves or quays, piers or jetties. The former are built parallel to the shore and are continuous structures mostly acting as retaining walls used for berthing vessels on one side. A pier or jetty, unlike a quay, projects into the sea providing an opportunity of bothside berthing, thus doubling the berthing space for the same length of a wharf. Types of piers and their dimensions are various. The longer the pier, the wider it must be, and the width of basin must correspondingly be great to accommodate two vessels readily, one at each pier, and also give room for the entry and departure of either.

4. With the expansion of world trade there is an everpress- ing need to accelerate the speed of the ship turn-round, which, in turn, forces extensive modernization of port equip­ ment and the provision of better connections both with the sea and the hinterland served by the port. Among the new cargo handling and transportation innovations mention should be made of container traffic. It is considered a profitable intro­ duction of modern technology into the field of shipping and cargo handling. With the continuity of crane operation it guarantees saving time and expenditure.

5. Passenger transportation traffic forms another part of a large port operation. It is usually handled in a special three- level building with cargo handling facilities and vehicle trans­ port on the lower levels. The floor of the passenger facilities is raised to similar upper deck heights of the passenger liners for an easy and convenient access.