Предтекстовые упражнения

1. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следующие английские слова.

obligation, machine, material, original, operation, panel, contribution, autoclave, axiomatic, gravity, separate, drain­age.

2. Вспомните значения следующих английских слов и подбе­ рите к ним перевод, данный ниже.

reinforced concrete; equipment, aggregate; raw materials; slab; beam; design; precast concrete.

1. оборудование; 2. плита, З. сборный бетон; 4. железо­бетон; 5. заполнитель; 6. балка; 7. сырье; 8. конструкция.

3. Прочтите текст. Укажите, какие основные вопросы (4) освещаются в нем.

Text. Reinforced-Concrete Elements Production

1. With the rapid growth in the employment of precast- concrete products, and particularly of wall panels, slabs, beams, etc., to serve a multitude of building needs, this in­ dustry has inevitably incurred an obligation to maintain and improve the quality of the products. A vast amount of excel­ lent work has already been done to raise the standards of this still comparatively young industry to their present level. Machinery and equipment designers have made important contributions by creating better machines and tools for the industry.

2. A great number of plants producing precast reinforced- concrete elements is now in operation in our country and abroad. Before the decision is made to establish a precast concrete products plant in a given area, a number of purely economic considerations deserve particular attention. A care­ ful appraisal of the potential requirements provides valuable information for determining the size of the plant which should be built. A well-designed plant must have sufficient capacity for the normal output plus a reasonable margin for a possible increase. The design should specifically and carefully antici­ pate the future installation of additional equipment for in­ creased production without disrupting the original lay-out.

3. The following general aspects should be kept in mind when designing a plant. The plant floor level should be not less than 6 inches above the general grade of the yard to as­ sure adequate drainage. In addition, concrete yard runways should be slightly above the level of the surrounding yard so that they will remain free of pebbles and other obstructions that might interfere with the operation of trucks or other equipment. The yard should slope away from the main building in all directions if possible, even at the expense of hauling

in fill to accomplish it, for much future trouble and expense can be averted by establishing the proper grade at the time the plant is built.

(4) Adequate space should be allowed at sides and in front of machines and casting beds. Regardless of the general lay-out of the plant, aggregates and cement should be stored as close to the mixers as possible.

5. It is axiomatic now that materials can be handled more cheaply with machinery than with manpower. At present the trend _is definitely toward the practice of elevating all raw materials into overhead storage bins. For obvious reasons, it is preferable that the elevation be sufficient so that the materials may move by gravity from the bins to the mixers and moulding machinery without re-elevating. With such an arrangement the mixers are located on a separate floor level directly above the moulding machinery.

6. In large plants producing precast-concrete elements the moulded r.-c.* units are delivered from the moulding ma­ chinery to high-pressure steam curing autoclaves for further treatment.