Exercise 8. Remake the sentences using Passive Voice like shown in the example: We often speak about him – He is often spoken about.

1. They thought about Martin all the time. 2. The doctor will operate this old woman in a week. 3. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 4. Nobody slept in this bed. 5. The neighbor asked for the telegram. 6. Everybody listened to the lecturer with a great attention. 7. The senior students laughed at the freshman. 8. The young mother looked at her little baby with great care. 9. Nobody lived in that old house. 10. They told him to prepare a report on that subject.

ADDITIONAL STUDY: SAND.COPPER.

I. Read and translate the text sand

Sand is a collection of tiny rocks. Sand is the result of the breakup of the solid rock surfaces of the earth during a period of million years. Some rock fragments undergo a chemical action or become dissolved into a fine powdery mass that becomes soil. The fragments that are too hard or could resist the chemical action remain gritty particles that we call sand. Each particle may be from a tenth to a hundredth of an inch in diameter.

In the breakup of ancient rocks, pieces of gravel would be picked up by floods and rivers and they would be rolled along down into the valleys and river beds. As they rolled, many of the gravel pebbles were cracked and gradually they become worn down into grains of sands.

If you look at sand under a magnifying glass, you will notice that there can be quite a collection of different particles. Those that are smooth and well-rounded have either traveled a long distance or have been churned around by the surf on the shore of an ocean. The particles with sharper edges have splintered off more recently and have not traveled very far.

Usually each grain of sand is composed of only one mineral. But if you pick up a handful of sand, there may be a variety of minerals in it. The most common mineral in sand is quartz. If there are iron compounds in the sand, it may have interesting colors. Some sands contain rare minerals such as gold, zircon, and garnet. The “white sands” of New Mexico are nearly pure gypsum. Some sand is so firm and hard packed that it can be used by the presence of just enough water to fill the spaces between the grains.

Vocabulary

to breakup - разрушать

solid - твердый

rock – камень, скала

surface - поверхность

fragment – фрагмент, элемент

to undergo - претерпевать

to dissolve - растворять

gritty – твердый, песчаный

particle - частица

gravel - гравий

to roll – катить

river beds – дно реки

pebble – галька

to magnify - увеличивать

glass - стекло

smooth - гладкий

well-rounded - закругленный

to churn - сбивать

surf - прибой

to splinter off - раскалывать

handful - горсть

compound - соединение

firm - прочный

hard packed - уплотненный

II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary

III. Answer the questions

1. How is sand called?

2. How does sand appear?

3. How do some rock fragments undergo?

4. How may each particle look like?

5. What may be noticed if you look at sand under a magnifying glass?

6. What has splintered off more recently?

7. How is each grain of salt composed of?

8. What happens if there are iron compounds in the sand?

9. What is nearly pure gypsum?