Vocabulary

structural purpose - структурная цель

to meet requirements - соответствовать требованиям

hard - твердый

durable - прочный

fire-resistant - огнеустойчивый

concrete - цемент

steel - сталь

to decay - гнить

compactness - компактность

porosity - пористость

sound and heat insulation - звуко и тепло изоляция

weather resistant - погода-устойчивость

manufacture - производство

limestone - известняк

artificial - искусственный

timber - строительный лес

II. Answer the questions

1. What requirements should building materials meet?

2. What are the most commonly used materials?

3. How do the most commonly used materials differ?

4. What can you say about wood in comparison with steel?

5. What are the disadvantages of wood?

6. What characteristics does stone have?

7. Where can we use stone?

8. What qualities do bricks have?

9. What material is referred to as one of the most important material?

10. How do we get concrete?

11. What material did we get with the development of industry?

12. What raw materials do we need in the manufacture of glass?

13. What groups are all building materials divided into?

14. What materials can be referred to natural and artificial building materials?

III. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary given above

IV. Complete the sentences

• Materials that are used for structural purposes ….

• The most commonly used materials are ….

• In comparison with steel wood is ….

• Stone has characteristic of many properties ….

• … is strong, durable and weather resistant.

• Concrete is a mixture ….

• The raw materials employed in the manufacture of glass are ….

• Natural building materials are ….

V. Make up dialogues on the topic “Building materials”. One of you is a student that is having a practice course on a plant, the other one is a tutor. A student is to ask his tutor about 2 or 3 building materials, the tutor is to give as much information as he/she can.

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I. Translate the text

Natural building has emerged as a respond to an increasing concern for built environment. Natural materials can provide as alternative to toxic substances which have led to widespread environmental illness. While interest has surged in the industrialized West, the ancient roots of natural building are being lost in many traditional areas. Ironically, builders in the industrialized countries are now turning to these very cultures for solutions to their building problems.

It is to be hoped that increased interest and research into vernacular building systems will increase respect for these timeless ideas in their lands, and through diligent efforts by a number of people, many of these techniques are indeed being revived, studied and implemented throughout the world. Most popular natural building techniques and materials include bamboo, earthen floors, living roofs, natural plasters and finishes, paper blocks, and wood.

Vocabulary

to emerge – появляться, являться

respond - ответ

to provide - обеспечивать

substance - вещество

bamboo - бамбук

earthen floors – глиняное покрытие

living roofs – природные покрытия

II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary

III. Answer the questions

1. What has natural building emerged?

2. What is being lost in many traditional areas?

3. What will increase respect for these timeless ideas in their lands?

4. What are most popular natural building techniques and materials?

IV. Make up a dialogue on the basis of the text

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I. Read and translate the text

Concrete must be thoroughly worked into the forms that they are entirely filled, reinforcing bars adequately and tightly surrounded and entrained air released from the mass of concrete.

Concrete should not be moved any considerable distance in the moulds, being consolidated as near as possible to the place where it is laid. Where the amount of concrete being placed is large, temporally end stops should be taken to avoid placing concrete in layers. It is essential that the full depth of sections be consolidated while all the concrete is unset.