- •4G02010000(430eOooooo)-274____gl8_8g а— ' 001(01)—вё
- •For the first time — впервые, в первый раз
- •World-known — всемирно известный
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •I6x1017 — sixteen (multiplied by ten to the) seventeenth (power)
- •On the order of the day — на повестке дня
- •To make the sun heat — заставить солнце согревать
- •According to — в соответствии с
- •In fact — на самом деле, фактически
- •But rather — а скорее
- •Io keep watch over — наблюдать за
- •To make it possible — делать возможным
- •1. Dates from long ago — возникла давно 2„ as far as in — еще в 3. Up till — вплоть до
- •To make a contribution — внести вклад
- •To win recognition — получить призвание
- •To put into practice — осуществлять
- •In the same way — таким же образом
- •Moving pictures — (движущиеся) изображения
- •1. What actually goes on — что, фактически, происходит
- •Marie curie and the discovery of radium
- •Subterranean — подземный (от лат. Terra — земли)
- •Blocks of flats — многоквартирные дома
- •1, Northern-most points — самые северные точки
- •2. On a lattice-like metal support — на металлической подставке в виде решетки
- •In step with — зд. Одновременно
- •To be in progress — sd. Происходить
- •Which were undreamt of —- о которых и не мечтали
- •On behalf of science — во имя науки
- •Something like that — или около этого
- •So are most metals — а также и большинство металлов
- •The site of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research —местонахождение Объединенного института ядерных исследований
- •In effect — фактически
- •Thus keeping the reaction going — таким образом продолжая реакцию
- •The white-hot operating temperature — рабочая температура
- •To come into being — появиться
- •To show oneself to advantage — оказаться полезным, выгодным
- •1. Hard armour of nitride — твердое нитрндное покрытие
- •Will be accessible — станет доступной
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •On request — по требованию
- •Thin Him properties — свойства тонкой пленки
- •To simulate — ад. Моделировать, создавать
- •Silver nitrate — азотнокислое серебро
- •It is ten times the size — в десять раз больше
- •A measure of response — мера чувствительности
- •To display remarkable ability in science — проявить блестящие способности в науке
- •The "Principia" — «Начала»
- •Are true to this day — не потеряли своего значения до сегодняшнего дня
- •Minute porous cavities — крошечные пористые пустоты
- •Self-lubricating characteristic — свойство, обеспечивающее ca-мосмазыванне деталей
- •Invisible wire
- •2. Tensile strength — технический предел прочности на разрыв
- •Incandescent lamp — лампа накаливания
- •"Cold" daylight lamp — «холодная» лздша дневного света
- •1. To come to Hie again — возродиться what is an electron?
- •To result in an acceleration — вызывать ускорение
- •1. Knuckle-heads — вд. Тупоголовые 2 to click t
- •Didn't know any better! — He придумала ничего лучше!
- •"The spirit is willing, but the iiesh is weak." — .«Дух бодр, да плоть немощна»..
- •1. "Ether towns" — «небесные города»
- •Laboratory compartment — лабораторный отсек
- •Celestial body — небесное тело
- •I. To come to know — узнать
- •The answer was not long In coming — ответ не заставил себя ждать
- •To be sure — быть уверенным
- •In fact — в самом деле
- •In general — вообще
- •Is it worth while...? —- стоит ли...?
- •It makes no difference — не имеет значения
- •As well as — так же как
- •By chance — случайно
- •To treat — относиться
- •By all means — непременно
- •I admire you still more — я восхищаюсь Вами еще больше
- •To lose the presence of mind — терять присутствие духа
- •To regard as revenge — считать местью
- •2. When he happened — когда ему случалось
- •Absent-minded — рассеянный
- •Never mind — зд. Ничего
- •At last — наконец
- •You'd better — вам бы лучше
- •1. Narrows down and becomes infinitely small — сужается и c№
- •2. Point of view — точка зрения
- •The Academic Board — ученый совет
- •He used to be always silent — он обычно молчал
- •To bear — выносить, вынести
- •Vice versa — лат. Наоборот
- •To be on sale — продаваться
- •To sell well — хорошо распродаваться 3". In competition to — конкурируя с higher and further education 1 in britain
- •The undergraduate course — последний год обучения в университете
- •Degree examination — экзамен на степень
- •Honours degree — степень с отличием; Pass degree — степень без отличия
- •Learned societies — научные общества
- •Production engineering — организация производственного процесса
- •Human sciences — гуманитарные науки
- •Undisciplined-looking buildings — здания, расположенные беспорядочно
- •Double-decker — двухэтажный автобус
- •You need eyes all round your head — надо смотреть во все глаза
- •The Pool of London —Лондонский бассейн, старейшая часть порта и доков
- •"Water-rats" — морские воры (букв, водяные крысы)
- •To pick at them — зд. Стащить что-нибудь
- •Cable operated — двигались по кабелю
- •Tube — метрополитен (в Лондоне); "Twopenny Tube" — двухпенсовая подземка
- •A night out at a theatre — вечер, проведенный в театре
- •For hours — в течение нескольких часов
- •Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) — Рейнольде, Джошуа — выдающийся английский портретист
- •Free of charge —• бесплатно
- •Makes some men feel annoyed — sd. Вызывает у некоторых людей раздражение
- •Esq. Сокр. От esquire — эсквайр (дворянское звание, присваивается также мэрам и старшему чиновничеству)
- •An otherwise dispassionate race — во всем другом совершенно бесстрастной нации
- •English people as they are
Marie curie and the discovery of radium
Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. Her father was a teacher of science 1 and mathematics in a school, and it was from him that little Marie Sklodowska (her Polish name) learned her first lesson in science.
In 1891 she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorfeonne.2' She determined to- work for two Master's 3 degrees—one in physics, the other in mathematics. Yet she had scarcely enough money to live on. She studied rright after night after her hard day's work at the University. She chose her course and nothing could turn her from it.
Among the many scientists with whom Marie met and worked in Paris was Pierre Curie. When he met Marie ha was 35 years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism.
Pierre Curie and Marie, both of whom loved science more than anything, else, very soon became the closest friends. After a little more than a year Marie became Madame Curie.
At that time she had already her Master's degree in physics and mathematics and was busy in researches он steel. She wished to obtain a Doctor's degree. Pierre and Marie Curie were 'greatly interested in the work of the French scientist Becquerel.4 There is a rare metal uranium which, as Becquerel discovered, emits rays very much like X-rays.'? The Curies 6 wanted to discover the mystery of the rays of uranium. What caused them? How strong were they?
The research was carried out under great difficulties. Marie Curie had to use an old store-room at the University as her laboratory. There was no proper apparatus and very little space for research work. But she had to make the best of it.7
Besides uranium Marie Curie began, to examine every known chemical substance. She repeated her experiments time after time 8 and found that one mineral emitted much more powerful rays than uranium. So she could only decide that this mineral must contain some new element. It was a mystery. This seemed unthinkable. Scientists declared that every element was already known to them. However, all Marie's experiments proved that the mineral contained some new and unknown element. There was no other explanation for the powerful rays which it emitted. Scientists call the property to give out such rays "radioactivity", and Marie Curie decided to call the new element "radium".
Notes
a teacher of science — преподаватель естественных наук
the Sorbonne — старейшее учебное заведение в Париже, основанное в 1257 г.
Master's degree — степень магистра
Becquerel А. А. (1852-1908) — Беккерель, Антуан Анри — выдающийся французский ученый; в 1896 г. открыл радиоактивное излучение урана
X-rays — рентгеновские лучи, открытые в 1895 г. известным немецким физиком В. К. Рентгеном (1845-1923), который назвал их таким образом, отмечая их загадочную физическую природу
the Curies — супруги Кюри
to make the best of it — мужественно переносить трудности
time after time — снова и снова
SUBTERRANEAN HEAT SERVES MAN (to be read after Lesson 11)
Coal, oil and gas have been man's main sources of heat from ancient times. At the same time the earth contains inside it a practically inexhaustible supply of thermal energy, which without doubt can be used with great profit for economic needs.
Long, long ago magma, surrounding the core of our planet, rose towards the surface but could not burst through the crust and started cooling down gradually. This cooling process has been going on for hundreds of thousands or millions of years. By transferring heat to the rock around it, the magma heats the water in artesian basins and this is how subterranean1 deposits of hot water originated.
Our country has tremendous quantities of hot subterranean water. Such water can be found both in the subtropical areas and in the Arctic.
In one year the thermal springs in the Soviet Union bring to the surface of the earth an amount of heat equivalent to that which could be obtained from the combustion of 100-150 million tons of fuels.
The hot subterranean water is being used for heating blocks of flats 2 and hothouses and for medical purposes. In some places this hot water goes to the top of the house without pumping.
The geological and geographical conditions for the presence of thermal water are different. But everywhere it is found that the economic effect of using it is quite great.
Plans are made for building an experimental power station in Kazakhstan powered by hot subterranean water. The temperature of the water reaches 170° at the depth of up to 3 kilometres.
The time is not far off when this cheap thermal energy will be widely used in the economy, making it possible to employ such valuable raw materials as coal, oil and gas, mainly in the chemical industry.
Notes