- •4G02010000(430eOooooo)-274____gl8_8g а— ' 001(01)—вё
- •For the first time — впервые, в первый раз
- •World-known — всемирно известный
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •I6x1017 — sixteen (multiplied by ten to the) seventeenth (power)
- •On the order of the day — на повестке дня
- •To make the sun heat — заставить солнце согревать
- •According to — в соответствии с
- •In fact — на самом деле, фактически
- •But rather — а скорее
- •Io keep watch over — наблюдать за
- •To make it possible — делать возможным
- •1. Dates from long ago — возникла давно 2„ as far as in — еще в 3. Up till — вплоть до
- •To make a contribution — внести вклад
- •To win recognition — получить призвание
- •To put into practice — осуществлять
- •In the same way — таким же образом
- •Moving pictures — (движущиеся) изображения
- •1. What actually goes on — что, фактически, происходит
- •Marie curie and the discovery of radium
- •Subterranean — подземный (от лат. Terra — земли)
- •Blocks of flats — многоквартирные дома
- •1, Northern-most points — самые северные точки
- •2. On a lattice-like metal support — на металлической подставке в виде решетки
- •In step with — зд. Одновременно
- •To be in progress — sd. Происходить
- •Which were undreamt of —- о которых и не мечтали
- •On behalf of science — во имя науки
- •Something like that — или около этого
- •So are most metals — а также и большинство металлов
- •The site of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research —местонахождение Объединенного института ядерных исследований
- •In effect — фактически
- •Thus keeping the reaction going — таким образом продолжая реакцию
- •The white-hot operating temperature — рабочая температура
- •To come into being — появиться
- •To show oneself to advantage — оказаться полезным, выгодным
- •1. Hard armour of nitride — твердое нитрндное покрытие
- •Will be accessible — станет доступной
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •On request — по требованию
- •Thin Him properties — свойства тонкой пленки
- •To simulate — ад. Моделировать, создавать
- •Silver nitrate — азотнокислое серебро
- •It is ten times the size — в десять раз больше
- •A measure of response — мера чувствительности
- •To display remarkable ability in science — проявить блестящие способности в науке
- •The "Principia" — «Начала»
- •Are true to this day — не потеряли своего значения до сегодняшнего дня
- •Minute porous cavities — крошечные пористые пустоты
- •Self-lubricating characteristic — свойство, обеспечивающее ca-мосмазыванне деталей
- •Invisible wire
- •2. Tensile strength — технический предел прочности на разрыв
- •Incandescent lamp — лампа накаливания
- •"Cold" daylight lamp — «холодная» лздша дневного света
- •1. To come to Hie again — возродиться what is an electron?
- •To result in an acceleration — вызывать ускорение
- •1. Knuckle-heads — вд. Тупоголовые 2 to click t
- •Didn't know any better! — He придумала ничего лучше!
- •"The spirit is willing, but the iiesh is weak." — .«Дух бодр, да плоть немощна»..
- •1. "Ether towns" — «небесные города»
- •Laboratory compartment — лабораторный отсек
- •Celestial body — небесное тело
- •I. To come to know — узнать
- •The answer was not long In coming — ответ не заставил себя ждать
- •To be sure — быть уверенным
- •In fact — в самом деле
- •In general — вообще
- •Is it worth while...? —- стоит ли...?
- •It makes no difference — не имеет значения
- •As well as — так же как
- •By chance — случайно
- •To treat — относиться
- •By all means — непременно
- •I admire you still more — я восхищаюсь Вами еще больше
- •To lose the presence of mind — терять присутствие духа
- •To regard as revenge — считать местью
- •2. When he happened — когда ему случалось
- •Absent-minded — рассеянный
- •Never mind — зд. Ничего
- •At last — наконец
- •You'd better — вам бы лучше
- •1. Narrows down and becomes infinitely small — сужается и c№
- •2. Point of view — точка зрения
- •The Academic Board — ученый совет
- •He used to be always silent — он обычно молчал
- •To bear — выносить, вынести
- •Vice versa — лат. Наоборот
- •To be on sale — продаваться
- •To sell well — хорошо распродаваться 3". In competition to — конкурируя с higher and further education 1 in britain
- •The undergraduate course — последний год обучения в университете
- •Degree examination — экзамен на степень
- •Honours degree — степень с отличием; Pass degree — степень без отличия
- •Learned societies — научные общества
- •Production engineering — организация производственного процесса
- •Human sciences — гуманитарные науки
- •Undisciplined-looking buildings — здания, расположенные беспорядочно
- •Double-decker — двухэтажный автобус
- •You need eyes all round your head — надо смотреть во все глаза
- •The Pool of London —Лондонский бассейн, старейшая часть порта и доков
- •"Water-rats" — морские воры (букв, водяные крысы)
- •To pick at them — зд. Стащить что-нибудь
- •Cable operated — двигались по кабелю
- •Tube — метрополитен (в Лондоне); "Twopenny Tube" — двухпенсовая подземка
- •A night out at a theatre — вечер, проведенный в театре
- •For hours — в течение нескольких часов
- •Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) — Рейнольде, Джошуа — выдающийся английский портретист
- •Free of charge —• бесплатно
- •Makes some men feel annoyed — sd. Вызывает у некоторых людей раздражение
- •Esq. Сокр. От esquire — эсквайр (дворянское звание, присваивается также мэрам и старшему чиновничеству)
- •An otherwise dispassionate race — во всем другом совершенно бесстрастной нации
- •English people as they are
To display remarkable ability in science — проявить блестящие способности в науке
The "Principia" — «Начала»
Are true to this day — не потеряли своего значения до сегодняшнего дня
A WINDOW INTO THE INVISIBLE WORLD
Metals are as transparent as glass. Transparent are concrete, wood, oil and even living organisms.
All this and many more interesting things one may see with one's own eyes if one visits the electro-physics laboratory of the Metallurgy Institute under the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
Can the human eye see much? Of course it can,— most people would answer. However, science and engineering have advanced to such a state that it has become necessary to find new means to see the invisible in order to explore and study the inner structure of things.
But neither X-rays nor supersound are capable of providing an adequate and precise picture of the inner structure of a material. Besides, these methods do not permit inspection of the objects while they are in motion, which is quite important for industry where the articles produced move along the conveyor.
Vision in non-transparent media is called "introscopy" and the instruments which accomplish this are called introscopes.
The scientists of the laboratory have created an intro-scope that permits one to see with the aid of infra-red rays in such materials as non-transparent plastics, ebonite, wood and others. Introscopes permit one to see defects in metal blanks moving on the conveyor, to see how the process of crystallization of melted metal proceeds. The scientists of the laboratory have already seen the work of an automobile motor on a TV screen, the motor looking on the screen as if it were made of glass of different tints.
But this is not all. The scientists have succeeded in transforming the invisible-to-the-eye electromagnetic oscillations (infra-red, ultra-violet, X-rays, and even radio waves) into optically visible images.
The gamma-introscope makes it possible to watch the behaviour of different samples of metals under great pressures through the thick walls of a protective cylinder.
Thus we may say that the world that surrounds us will become as transparent to us as glass. AH this became possible thanks to the wonderful success of electronics.
POWDER METALLURGY LOOKS TOWARDS THE FUTURE
Developments and advances in powder metallurgy, a technology created some 50 years ago, can save manufacturing industry great amounts of valuable materials. Powder metallurgy is a cheap alternative to many conventional manufacturing processes.
When components, simple or complex, require precision and high quality at a comparatively low cost—powdes metallurgy can provide the solution of the problem. An important feature of powder metallurgy is that it can provide the industry with such material compositions which are not achievable by any other means.
Components produced by the powder metallurgy process can go straight into the manufacturing cycle or, if required, undergo further processing, including heat treatment. Powder metallurgy is finding new applications in various industries—in electronics, aviation, machine-building, etc.
The unique physical properties of powder metallurgy parts enable oil to be retained in minute porous cavities 1 within the part. This self-lubricating characteristic8 is long lasting and can eliminate other lubrication systems.
The Byelorussian research and production association for powder metallurgy has developed a number of processes for powder metallurgy components production. The source material there is metal powder which is subjected to high pressure to acquire a required shape and is then put to thermo-electric furnaces. The resultant parts are more durable and require no additional machining.
Future processes to be introduced by the association will produce self-lubricating bearings, metal and non-metal alloys and other materials with pre-set properties based on combinations of various powders. Metal powder with its unusual characteristic features and properties is listed in the category of new materials. ,
Notes