I.2. Определите функцию герундия в этих предложениях и переведите их.

1. Drugs act by modulating the ongoing processes inside the cells.

2. When the liquid starts dripping from the percolator, the tap is closed, and the solvent is added to the mixture.

3. Prostaglandins help maintaining the protective lining of the stomach.

4. Analgesics, including plain old aspirin, are quite effective in alleviating pain and inflammation, mainly by blocking the action of chemical messengers called prostaglandins.

5. Anti-hypersentive drugs are capable of sharply dropping blood pressure, which can lead to acute problems.

6. The working hours of most pharmacies are from 9 a.m. till 8 p.m.

7. You should not take potent drugs without consulting a physician.

8. The first step in isolation of essential oils is crushing or grinding the plant material.

9. Thrombolytic agents (urokinase, streptokinase, TPA) are effective in dissolving clots.

10. Quality control checking includes monitoring the sterility of a sample of manufactured products.

11. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with bleeding disorders.

12. The symptoms usually disappear 6-12 months after discontinuing the medication.

13. Some scientists believe that the first living things that appeared on earth were very small, simple bacteria.

I.3. Укажите номера предложений, в которых содержится: а) независимый причастный оборот; б) герундиальный оборот. Переведите предложения с герундиальным оборотом.

1. The patient’s being compliant increases the benefit of treatment and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.

2. Aspirin – like drugs being not strong enough, the patients are prescribed steroids to reduce pain.

3. The drug should be administered intravenously, the rate of infusion not exceeding 5 mcg/min.

4. The use of aspirin in therapy is restricted by pediatric patients’ being vulnerable to salycilates.

5. The potential risk outweighing the benefit, the use of aspirin and antipyeretic drugs is not recommended in children with fever.

6. There is a possibility of hypotension occurring following administration of the beta-adrenoseptor agonists.

7. The pharmacist’s being careless during drug dispensing and compounding may lead to a fatal error.

8. The dosage being based on weight, some drugs are less active in children than in adults.

9. The process is continued, with equal volumes of diluent added to the powdered mixture.

I.4. Определите, чем является служебное слово to в следующих предложениях: а) предлогом; б) частицей, которая является показателем инфинитива. Переведите предложения с предлогом to.

1. Adjust the dosage according to the needs of the patient.

2. Substances that react with acids to form salts must be bases.

3. Children under 6 years of age are most vulnerable to serious adverse effects of codeine.

4. The suppository should not soften below 30^oC to avoid melting during storage.

5. Primary alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes and then to acids.

6. Patients need to follow proper instructions for taking medications.

7. Spirits should be stored in tight containers to avoid evaporation.

8. Methyl cellulose is a polymer that is nonionic and stable to heat and light.

9. Antibacterial topical solutions kill bacteria when applied to the skin or mucous membranes in proper strength.

10. One way to prepare herbs is to make an infusion, or a sort of tea.

11. To prevent side effects, a physician usually prescribes the lowest effective dose.

12. There are up to 200 different viral strains responsible for the common cold.

13. The solution was diluted to volume with water.

14. Prolonged use of analgesics may lead to a dependence.