Организация и структура.

Организационная структура состоит из таких мероприятий, как: распределение задач, координация и контроль, которые направлены на достижение организационных целей. Она может также рассматриваться как перспективы, с помощью которых люди видят свою организацию и ее среду. Одной из наиболее важных задач управления любой организации, в которой работает более нескольких человек, является определение организационной структуры и ее изменения в случае необходимости. Каждая организация должна иметь определенную организационную структуру. Организационная структура показывает, разграничение полномочий и отчетности отношений.

Организационные структуры определяется по различным критериям. Информация для размышления: какая функциональная группа осуществляет работу и является ли она естественным объединением рабочих групп или единиц. Это решение высшего руководства о том, как они хотели бы, что бы организовывалась и осуществлялась работа. Это также определяет естественные отношения отчетности и субординации. Отчетные отношения могут быть как вертикальными, так и горизонтальными.

Lecture 8. The different structures

1) Matrix

A matrix structure provides for reporting levels, those are horizontal as well as vertically. Employees may be part of functional group but may serve on a team that supports new product development. This kind of structure may have members of different groups, working together to develop a new product line.

President

Production manager

Design manager

Recording Engineer

Album A

Team manager

Production assistant A

Designer A

Engineer A

Album B

Team manager

Designer B

Production assistant B

Engineer B

2) Functional

Functional organizational structures are the most common. A structure of this type groups individuals by specific functions performed. Common departments such as human resources accounting and purchasing are organized by separating each of this areas and managing them independently of the others.

Vice President

Manager human resources

Engineering manager

Purchasing manager

Marketing manager

Accounting manager

3) Product

Another common structure is to be organized by specific product type. Each product group falls within the reporting structure of a senior leadership person and that person oversees everything related to that particular product line.

Craft

Barbecue sous

ketchup

Salat dressing

Lunch meet

Macaroni cheese

4) Customer structure

Certain Industries will be organized by customer type. This is done in afford to ensure specific customer needs are met by specific customized service approaches. An example of this would be in health care.

A different customer type might be out-patient and their needs are different from in-patient customers.

Hospital president

Valanties vice president

Employees vice president

Outpatient vice president

Fission vice president

5) Geographic

For organizations that cover a span of geographic regions. It sometimes makes sense to be organized by region. This is done to be support logistical demands and differences in geographic customer needs.

Drug company president

Typically a structure that is organized by geographic regions, reports up to central oversight structure.

West region vice president

East region vice president

South region vice president

North region vice president

Central region vice president

Operating within a define structure with good communication process and work flows help to ensure more efficient management of resources -people, time and money.