Sociology_-_edited
.docA society is…
set of people incorporated by concrete needs, interests, obligations, kinds of activity
The term “sociology” for the first time has appeared in the book of
“Capital” by K.Marx
The social status as the category of sociology represents…
a position of the person in the social system connected to belonging to group
The social role as the category of sociology represents…
a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status
Macrosociology is a …
sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilisations
Microsociology is a …
sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means
Two principal forms of survey research are the…
Interview and questionnarie
Achieved status is…
A social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts
Ascribed status is…
A social position generally assumed to be fixed by birth or inheritance
Anomie, according to E.Durkheim, is …
The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
Two main perspectives in explaining collective behavior -
Emergent-norm and value-added perspectives
The system of economic relations in primitive society was based on the following characteristics…
Hunting, collecting , absence of private property
The system of economic relations in slaveholding society was based on such characteristics…
Operation of another’s work with full assignment of his products
The system of economic relations in feudal society was based on such characteristics…
Labor, either natural, or the monetary rent, including by craft
The system of economic relations in capitalist society was based on such characteristics…
Development of business, a competition, trade through a personal freedom
The system of economic relations in socialist society was based on such characteristics…
A state ownership on all means of production
The system of sociopolitical relations in primitive society was based on…
Elective board of elders
The system of sociopolitical relations in slaveholding society was based on…
A unlimited monarchic despotism
The system of sociopolitical relations in feudal society was based on…
Unlimited, or a moderate monarchy, at an opportunity of existence of trading republics
The system of sociopolitical relations in capitalist society was based on…
Different variants of democracy and parliamentary
The system of sociopolitical relations in socialist society was based on…
One-party dictatorship
The system of social-stratification relations in primitive society was based on presence of such social groups as…
Stratification on age, sex, abilities, individualities
The system of social-stratification attitudes in slaveholding society was based on presence of such social groups as…
Imperial family, small representation of aristocracy and slaves
The system of social-stratification attitudes in feudal society was based on presence of such social groups as…
Imperial family, insignificant groups of nobility
The system of social-stratification attitudes in capitalist society was based on presence of such social groups as…
Bankers, businessmen, proletariat, intelligencia, farmers
The system of social-stratification attitudes in socialist society was based on presence of such social groups as…
Workers, collective farmers, intelligencia, party elite
Crowd is …
A temporary gathering of people in close proximity who share a common focus or interest
Natural disaster is…
A sudden or disruptive event that overtaxes a community’s resources, so that outside aid is necessary
Fads are …
A temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people; they spring up independently of preceding trends
Fashion is …
A pleasurable mass involvements that feature a certain amount of acceptance by society
A panic is…
A fearful arousal or collective flight based on a generalized belief that may or may not be accurate
Crazes are …
An exciting mass involvement that lasts for a relatively long period
A rumor is …
A piece of information gathered informally that is used to interpret an ambiguous situation
The term public refers to…
A dispersed group of people, not necessarily in contact with one another, who share an interest in an issue
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The term public opinion refers to…
Expressions of attitudes on matters of public policy that are communicated to decision makers
Three major assumptions of structural-functionalist perspective
Stability, harmony, evolution
Three major assumptions of conflict perspective
Competition, structural inequality, social change
Three major assumptions of symbolic perspective
Symbolic meanings are important; meanings grow out of relationships; meanings are negotiated
Sociologists employ 2 techniques when they use of existing sources
Secondary analysis and content analysis
The author of dramaturgical approach in sociology
E.Goffman
The term “ideal type” was coined by…
M.Weber
Subject of sociology as sciences acts on…
Research of association of groups of society at a concrete stage of its development
Alienation is a …
A condition of estrangement or disassociation from the surrounding society
The first sociological perspective is…
Positivism
Talcott Parsons is a proponent of…
Structural-functionalist perspective
Robert Merton is a proponent of…
Structural-functionalist perspective
Erving Goffman is a proponent of…
Interactionist perspective
George Herbert Mead is a proponent of…
Interactionist perspective
Charles Horton Cooley is a proponent of…
Interactionist perspective
Social inequality is …
A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power
Economic Sociology as a science was emerged in …
the XX century
Hunting-and-gathering society is…
A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibres are readily available in order to survive
Horticultural society -
A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods
Agrarian society -
The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow
Industrial society -
A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services
Postindustrial society -
A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information
Who is the founder of sociological science?
A.Comte
Innovation is…
The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention
Dysfunction is …
An element or process of a society that may disrupt social system or reduce its stability
According to Merton’s theory manifest function is…
An open, stated, and conscious function
According to Merton’s theory latent function is…
An unconscious or unintended function that may hidden purposes
A research design is…
A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically
Evolutionary theory has developed by…
H.Spenser
Class system is…
A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility
The main limitation of observation is…
Limited to data collected for some other purpose
The main limitation of experiment is…
Ethical limitations on the degree to which subjects’ behavior can be manipulated
The main limitation of survey is…
Can be expensive and time-consuming
The main limitation of existing sources is…
Involves months if not years of labor-intensive data
Survey is …
A method that involves asking a relatively large number of people the same set of standardized questions
Experiment is …
An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables
Observation is …
A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/or by closely watching a group or community
Interview is …
A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information
2 terms “mechanical solidarity” and “organic solidarity” were coined by
E.Durkheim
An ideal type is …
A construct or model for evaluating specific cases
Basic steps in sociological research are…
Defining the problem, reviewing the literature, formulating the hypothesis, collecting and analysing data, developing the conclusion
A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups is …
Conflict perspective
Sociology as a science was emerged in …
France
The term “sociology” was coined by …
A.Comte
An economic system in which the means of productions are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits is…
Capitalism
An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned is …
Socialism
An economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce
Communism
A sample is …
A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population
Object of sociological study is…
Society
Horizontal mobility is …
The movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank
Vertical mobility is …
The movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank
The author of the book “Capital”
K.Marx
Primary group is…
A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation
Secondary group is…
A formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding
Small group is…
A group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously- that is, to talk with one another or at least be acquainted
Class is…
A group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income
Community is…
Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
Social institution is …
An organized pattern of beliefs and behaviour centred on basic social needs
Founder of biological theory is …
H.Spenser
The main advantage of observation is…
Yields direct measures of people’s behavior
The main advantage of survey is…
Yields detailed information about specific groups or organizations
The main advantage of experiment is…
Yields information about specific issues
The main advantage of existing sources is…
Cost-efficiency
The final step in any research project is …
Developing the conclusion
The first step in any research project is …
Define the problem
The term “social stratification” was coined by …
P.Sorokin
The author of the book “Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”
M.Weber
The term “sociology” for the first time has appeared in the book of
A.Comte
Globalization is…
The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas
The author of the dialectic theory is…
K.Marx
The term “sociological imagination” was coined by …
C.W.Mills
Choose scientists who supported symbolic-interactionist perspective
G.H.Mead and E Goffman
Choose scientists who supported structural-functionalist perspective
T.Parsons and R.Merton
Capitalism is…
An economic system in which the means of productions are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits
Socialism is…
An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned
Communism is…
As an ideal type, an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce
Preindustrial city is …
A city of only a few thousand people that is characterized by a relatively closed class system and limited mobility
Industrial city is …
A relatively large city characterized by open competition, an open class system, and elaborate specialization in the manufacturing of goods
Postindustrial city is …
A city in which global finance and the electronic flow of information dominate the economy
Stratification is…
A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society
Social structure is…
The way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships
The author of the economic determinism theory is…
K.Marx
Bureaucracy is …
A component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency
In an experiment the subjects who are not introduced to the independent variable by the researcher called…
Control group
In an experiment the subjects who are exposed to an independent variable introduced by a researcher called…
Experimental group
What is the term “class consciousness” means?
A subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change