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8. Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

I (1) (move) to London three weeks ago to take up a new post at my company's London office. Ever since then, I (2) (wonder) if I (3) (make) the right decision. I (4) (see) a lot of negative things about living in the capital, and I can't say London (5) (make) a very favourable impression on me. It's so polluted and expensive, and the people are so distant. You see, I (6) (grow up) in a fairly small town called Devizes and I (7) (spend) all of my life there. I (8) (always/want) to live in a big city and so when my company (9) (offer) me a job in London, I (10) (jump) at the chance.

I think I'm not alone in my aversion to the big city. According to a programme I (11) (just/hear) on the radio, more and more people (12) (stop) working in London recently, and a lot of large companies (13) (choose) to move away from the centre. Oh well, it's too late to change my mind now, because the job is up and running, and I (14) (already/sell) my house in Devizes. But I must admit, over the past few days, I (15) (secretly/hope) that the company would relocate me back to my old town.

The nature of intelligence

For many years scientists (16) try to define the nature of human intelligence. However, they (17) (be) unable to agree on whether there is one kind of intelligence, or several kinds. In the early 20th century, psychologist Charles Spearman (18) (come up) with the concept of 'g' or 'general intelligence'. He (19) (give) subjects a variety of different tests and (20) (find) that the people who (21) (perform) well in the tests (22) (use) one part of the brain, which he (23) (call) 'g', for all the tests.

More recently, research (24) (find) that this idea may well be true, as one part of the brain (the lateral prefrontal cortex) shows increased blood flow during testing. However, some scientists believe that intelligence is a matter of how much people (25) (learn) rather than some ability they are born with. They believe that environment also matters.

The ageing population

The number of men and women in the US aged 60 or over still in work (26) (rise) for more than a decade. Economists (27) (give) a number of reasons for this trend. First, since 1985 the US economy (28) (expand) so there (29) (be) an increased demand for labour. At the same time, the cost of some services, such as health care, (30) (increase) so workers need to earn more money in later life. In addition, changes in social security benefits and rules (31) (have) a considerable effect on labour patterns. First, in 1977 and 1983 changes to the Social Security Act (32) (raise) the full-benefit age from 65 to 67 and (33) (introduce) other changes that make delaying retirement more attractive. Then, in 1986 the Age Discrimination Act (34) (end) compulsory retirement for all workers, allowing them to work later in life. Changes to pension laws (35) (also encourage) workers to stay in employment longer, as this gives them more chance of a larger pension when they retire.

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