- •Present Simple vs. Present Progressive
- •III form spelling rules
- •IV form spelling rules:
- •4. Performative verbs.
- •Practice Present Simple vs. Present Progressive
- •1. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •2. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •3. Put each verb in brackets into the present simple or present progressive.
- •4. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using one of the words in bold. Do not change the word in bold.
- •5. Complete the texts with the present simple or present progressive form of the verb in brackets.
- •Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Progressive vs. Past Simple
- •Practice Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Progressive vs Past Simple
- •2. Match the expressions (a-j) with the explanations of when they might be said (1-10).
- •3. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •4. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •5. Underline the correct phrase in each sentence.
- •6. Put each verb in brackets into the most appropriate perfect or past verb form.
- •7. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •8. Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.
- •Past Tenses
- •Practice Past Tenses
- •1. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •2. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •3. Decide if the verb form underlined is correct or not. If it is correct, write a tick. If not, correct it.
- •4. In each sentence decide whether one, or both, of the alternative verb forms given are appropriate. Write o for one or b for both.
- •5. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •6. Complete the text by writing one word in each space.
- •7. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •Future Tenses
- •Practice Future Tenses
- •1. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •2. Complete the common expressions using the words from the box.
- •3. Choose the most appropriate continuation for each sentence.
- •4. Look at the three options a, b and c for each question. Decide which two are correct.
- •5. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.
- •6. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •7. Write a new sentence with the same meaning containing the word in capitals.
- •The Passive Voice Theory
- •The Passive Voice Practice
- •1. Correct any verb forms which are impossible or inappropriate.
- •2. Underline any uses of the agent which are unnecessary.
- •3. Decide whether the sentences in each pair have the same meaning.
- •4. Underline the correct word in each sentence.
- •5. Complete each sentence with a suitable preposition.
- •6. Complete the text using the phrases from the box.
- •7. Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate passive verb form.
- •8. Rewrite each sentence in the passive, omitting the words underlined.
- •9. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the word underlined.
- •10. Rewrite each sentence in a more formal style so that it contains a passive form of the word given in capitals.
- •11. Both sentences in each pair have the same meaning. Complete the second sentence.
- •12. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
- •13. Insert one word.
- •Revision
- •1. Open the brackets using a suitable form.
- •2. Translate into English.
- •3. First look in your dictionary to find out whether these verbs are transitive or intransitive. Then complete these sentences with appropriate passive (if possible) or active forms of the verbs).
- •4. Open the brackets using the correct forms of the Active/Passive Voice.
- •5. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible to the sentence before it.
- •7. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passages with one suitable word.
- •8. Rearrange the words to make coherent sentences inside the first and last words given.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •Indicative Mood. Subjunctive Mood. Conditionals
- •Practice
- •1. Correct the error(s) in the following sentences if necessary.
- •2. Finish the sentences by ticking the correct option (a-c).
- •3. Underline either hope or wish in each sentence.
- •4. Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate verb form.
- •5. A Rewrite each sentence three times so that it contains the word in capitals.
- •6. A Complete the text by writing one word in each space. A contraction counts as one word.
Present Simple vs. Present Progressive
Spelling
III form spelling rules
consonant + y + s = ies eg. cry – cries
stupefy – stupefies
final -s, -z, -ch, -sh or –x + - es eg. miss – misses
watch - watches
consonant + -o + -es eg. go - goes
do - does
Suppletive form have- has
IV form spelling rules:
mute “e” is dropped eg. hide – hiding
except: be – being,
agree – agreeing
“ie” changes into “y” eg. die – dying
“y” doesn’t change eg. try – trying
short stressed vowel + final consonant = double consonant eg. stop –stopping
regret – regretting
short vowel + final “l” = double “l” eg. travel – travelling
stressed vowel + final “r” = double “r” eg. refer – referring
“c” is followed by “k” eg. panic - panicking
Usage
We use the present simple for:`
habitual, regular actions
I leave work at 5.30 most days.
Each July we go to Turkey for a holiday.
permanent situations, universal truths
It takes me five minutes to get to school.
Trees grow more quickly in summer than in winter.
Headlines, written in 'telegram' style
Ship sinks in midnight collision.
Instructions and itineraries
First you roll out the pastry.
On day three we visit Stratford-upon-Avon.
Summaries of events, plots
May 1945: The war in Europe comes to an end.
At the end of the play both families realise that their hatred caused the deaths of the lovers.
'Historic present' in narrative and funny stories
So then the second man asks the first one why he has a banana in his ear and the first one says…
in phrases such as I gather, I hear, I see, and I understand to introduce news
I gather you're worried about the new job?
The Prince is coming to visit, and I hear he's very rich.
in set expressions Here comes, There goes, Here lies.
Here comes our hero!
formal correspondence phrases
We write to advise you …
We use the present progressive for:
actions in progress
She is reading now.
actions around the time of speaking
Why are you jumping up and down?
regular actions, but at a particular time
We're usually watching the news on TV at 9.00. (= we're already watching at 9.00)
change, development
It is getting dark.
temporary actions
Usually I have breakfast, but this week I’m not eating anything in the morning.
exaggerated, emotional attitudes; unexpected actions
She is always talking to me like that!
background actions
So I open the door, and I look out into the garden, and I see this man. He's wearing pyjamas and a policeman's helmet. 'Hello,' he says…
less direct requests, questions
I’m hoping you can lend me $ 100.
less form correspondence phrases
I’m enclosing my cheque for $200.
State Verbs
a. State verbs describe a continuing state, so do not usually have a continuous form.
Typical examples are:
astonish, believe, belong, concern, consist, contain, deserve, deny, (dis)agree, doubt, fit, imagine, impress, include, know, lack, like, love, matter, mean, need, owe, own, please, possess, prefer, promise, seem, suppose, surprise, suspect, understand, want, wish, etc.
b. Some verbs have a stative meaning and a different active meaning.
Typical examples are:
be, depend, feel, have, hear, measure, see, taste, think, weigh
Compare these uses:
Event
Jill's being noisy.
We're having an interesting conversation!
David's thinking about getting a new job.
I'm just tasting the soup.
I'm feeling terrible.
We're weighing the baby.
Bill, I'm depending on you to win this contract for us.
State
Jack is noisy.
Deirdre has a Porsche.
I think I like you!
This fish tastes awful!
I feel that you are wrong.
This bag weighs a ton!
It depends what you mean.
c. We can use the present continuous with some state verbs when we want to emphasise that a situation is temporary, for a period of time around the present. Compare:
The children love having Jean stay with us. (They love it when Jean stays) and
The children are loving having Jean stay with us. (Jean is staying with us now)
d. With some verbs used to describe a temporary state (e.g. ache, feel, hurt, look (= seem)), there is little difference in meaning when we use the present simple and present continuous:
What's the matter with Bill? He looks / is looking awful.
e. We can also use the present simple and present continuous like this in commentaries (for example, on sports events):
King serves to the left hand court and Adams makes a wonderful return. She's playing magnificent tennis in this match...
f. Making declarations: verbs describing opinions and feelings tend to be state verbs.
I hope you'll come to my party.
I bet you don't know the answer!
I hereby declare this hospital open!