- •In science a guide for beginning research workers
- •199034, С.-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9.
- •199034, С.-Петербург, наб. Макарова, 6.
- •Preface Предисловие
- •Introduction Введение communication in science. Information exchange. Language skills Общение в науке. Обмен информацией. Виды речевой деятельности
- •Part I a scientific paper Научный доклад
- •1. Prior Work Предварительная (подготовительная работа)
- •Information Excange
- •2. Outline of a Paper / Communication / Report Cструктура доклада (сообщения)
- •3. Building an Effective Presentation Подготовка письменного текста с ориентацией на слушателей
- •4. Selecting and Using Visual Aids and Attention-Getting Devices Выбор и применение средств наглядности. Приемы привлечения внимания слушателей
- •5. What Makes Language Difficult to Understand? Что делает устный текст трудным для понимания?
- •6. Writing that Works. Paragraph Unity. Words and Phrases that Commonly Function as Transitional Devices Построение абзаца. Слова и словосочетания для передачи логической связи в тексте
- •7. Examples of Introductions, Conclusions and Acknowledgements Примеры вводной части доклада, заключений и выражения благодарности (признательности)2
- •Introduction
- •8. When You have Written your Paper Когда Вы уже написали текст доклада
- •9. A Model for a Paper Образец для написания научного доклада
- •Part II presenting a paper at a meeting Выступление с докладом на научной встрече
- •1. How to Present a Paper at a Meeting Как выступить с докладам перед аудиторией
- •2. If You are Speaking before the Audience Если Вы выступаете перед аудиторией
- •3. Elements of Delivery Элементы устного выступления
- •4. Conquering Speaking Anxieties Что6ы не бояться устного выступления
- •Remedies for Audience Inattention
- •Dealing with the Wandering Mind
- •Dealing with Speakers Amnesia
- •Dealing with Hecklers
- •Remedies for Hecklers
- •5.Speaker's Self-Evaluation Form Оценивание устного выступления
- •Part III information exchange at a scientific meeting. Listening comprehension Обмен информацией на научной встрече. Восприятие на слух
- •1. Listening Comprehension Восприятие на слух (аудирование)
- •2. Ask Questions when Necessary to listen effectively Для полноценного понимания задавайте вопросы
- •3.Are You a Good Listener? Хорошо ли Вы умеете слушать других?
- •4. Listener Evaluation Sheet Форма для оценивания навыка восприятия на слух
- •Part IV taking part in discussion Участие в обсуждении доклада
- •1. Improve your Communication Skill Развивайте свое умение общаться
- •2. Discussion. Asking and Answering Questions Обсуждение. Обмен вопросами и ответами
- •3. Discussion, Expressing an Opinion Обсуждение. Выражение мнения
- •Supplement Приложение
- •1. Академик а. А. Александров о нравственности в науке, этикете науки
- •2. An Opening Address (a Model) Образец вступительной речи председателя на научной встрече
- •3. Mathematical Formulae Математические формулы
- •Список авторов цитируемых высказываний
- •References Литература
7. Examples of Introductions, Conclusions and Acknowledgements Примеры вводной части доклада, заключений и выражения благодарности (признательности)2
Introduction
1. My plan is to begin by discussing the...
After that, I plan to...
I will restrict my attention to...
2. In this paper I want to discuss some questions concerning the...
My main objective here is to show that...
We would like to describe recent developments...
We will start by describing various methods for...
For the most part I shall be summarizing other people's work.
Very roughly speaking, we shall consider the following questions:
when…
why…
how…
In this talk we shall explain ... (when?..., why?..., how ...?)
My purpose here is to explain ...
The theorem stated above represents the work of several people.
6. In this report I shall sketch the theory of ... and its applications in ...
The basic principle is that ... Two examples will be presented.
In this paper (report) I'll describe my point of view that... to shed some light on ...
Our main concern in this survey is the following question. What is the role of ... in ... models; more specifically, what is their role in ...
Here is an outline of the paper.
In § 1 we consider whether ...
In § 2 we analyze the ...
In § 3 we formulate a general conjecture ...
10. The goal of this talk is twofold. First I survey some key results relating ... and the ...
In particular I will follow the evolution of one enormously important idea as it has evolved over the last century.
Second I discuss a recent development...
11. Let me begin by the statement that...
Now I come to the description of ... Now I turn to another result of ...
12. We will be concerned with two related invariants.
I would like to explain how ...
13. Canonical and Minimal Models of Algebraic Varieties.
In this talk we shall explain a minimal model program for arbitrary dimensional algebraic varieties over a field К of characteristic zero. Starting with the working hypothesis on the finite generatedness of the canonical ring, we shall discuss the process to obtain minimal and canonical models. We shall also review some recent results on the boundedness of indices, of singularities in dimension 3.
We shall put emphasis on the idea of ...
Conclusions, Summaries
1. We have seen two aspects of ...
Our conclusions are summarized as follows:
The theory of... leads to ...
The one point functions are reduced to ...
2. I conclude with an example ...
Still the problem of solving... remains an intriguing open question
3. In this paper I had described my point of view that... to shed some light on ...
4. A brief review is presented of recent theoretical and experimental efforts that have led to an improvement in our knowledge of ...
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. J. J.
for reading the manuscript critically
for language corrections
for valuable general comments on ...
for making some useful suggestions for organizational change
for all these contributions
The author is grateful to ... for ...
It is a pleasure to thank V.B. for reading the manuscript and making many useful remarks.
This paper sums up results of the joyful collaboration with A.S. and V.V.
The computations were performed at the ...
I am grateful to ... and other colleagues for pointing out errors and suggesting improvements in the original manuscript.
The work described in this paper was done in an exciting and enlightening collaboration with Mauricio Karchmer and Rau Raz.
Gratitude Gratitude is a sign of noble souls. Aesop |
Благодарность Благодарность – признак благородства души. Эзоп |
Grateful A proud man is seldom a grateful man for he never thinks he gets as much as he deserves. Beecher |
Благодарный Гордец редко бывает благодарным, ибо всегда считает, что получил меньше, чем заслуживает. Бичер |
