Part I a scientific paper Научный доклад

1. Prior Work Предварительная (подготовительная работа)

Подготовка письменного текста доклада требует от аспиранта большой предварительной работы:

• чтения целенаправленно отобранной научной литературы по теме исследования;

• понимания особенностей научного стиля речи и его грамматической системы;

• создания терминологического словаря изучаемого подъязыка;

• накопления клише, характерных для научных статей изучаемого подъязыка;

• знания особенностей структуры научного доклада;

• умения строить текст доклада логично и последовательно, четко излагая содержание (см. схему «Outline of a Paper / Communication / Report»);

• умения прогнозировать и учитывать восприятие доклада аудиторией и освоить приемы, способствующие установлению взаимодействия говорящего и слушающих (clear effective communication), т.е. полноценному научному общению (см. схему «Communication in Science» и соответствующие параграфы).

Communication in science

Information Excange

Language Skills

at

scientific meetings:

workshops

seminars

lectures

s

1. Understands conversation and lectures without effort

2. Understands almost everything when spoken to slowly and clearl

c) Understands with difficulty; needs repetition and occasional translation

d) Cannot follow conversation and lectures at all

ymposia

Written

Reading

Writing

Speaking

Oral

Listening Comprehension

a terminology vocabulary

phraseology units

a paper, a report

an abstract

a summary

a review paper

c

1. Speaks fluently, correctly and is easily understood

2. Is easily understood, but is not always fluent or correct

3. Speaks broken English with many mistakes

4. annot express simple ideas in spoken English

.v.

lectures

papers

reports

discussions

scientific journals

professional journals

abstract journals

conference proceedings

collections of articles

monographs

lectures

papers

reports

discussions

b) Writes slowly with few mistakes

c) Writes with difficulty and makes many mistakes

d) Cannot express simple ideas in writing

a) Reads and understands without difficulty

2. Must read slowly, but understands the context

3. Has problems understanding the text and must use a dictionary often

Clear communication results from partnership between

and

The speaker must value the The listener must value the speaker listener and want to convey his and must want to understand the or her ideas clearly speaker s message

Grammar	Grammar	Grammar
Vocabulary	Vocabulary	Vocabulary

2. Outline of a Paper / Communication / Report Cструктура доклада (сообщения)

Есть старый, но не потерявший

своего значения СОВЕТ:

Расскажи слушателям, что ты

собираешься делать,

в то время, когда ты уже

делаешь, разъясни им, что ты

делаешь,

А когда сделано, расскажи им,

что ты сделал

The basic structure of a report is simple. It has three parts: an introduction, a body (a main body) and a conclusion, or, to put it in even simpler terms, a beginning, a middle and an end¹.

So think of yourself as of a builder. And think of your report as a structure, as something that you actually build according to a definite architectural pattern. Keep in your mind the main divisions of the paper. The title is the key to the report or article.

When preparing an introduction you become an information seeker (searcher). You are to conduct a thorough review of the research literature, summarizing prior research. Give a description of current research interests: who else is working in the field? Who does what? What older works has this person written?

Conclusion summarizes briefly the main findings of the investigation.

«A whole is that which has beginning, middle and end».

Aristotle (384-322 b.c). Greek philosopher,

master of the theory of public speaking.