
- •In science a guide for beginning research workers
- •199034, С.-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9.
- •199034, С.-Петербург, наб. Макарова, 6.
- •Preface Предисловие
- •Introduction Введение communication in science. Information exchange. Language skills Общение в науке. Обмен информацией. Виды речевой деятельности
- •Part I a scientific paper Научный доклад
- •1. Prior Work Предварительная (подготовительная работа)
- •Information Excange
- •2. Outline of a Paper / Communication / Report Cструктура доклада (сообщения)
- •3. Building an Effective Presentation Подготовка письменного текста с ориентацией на слушателей
- •4. Selecting and Using Visual Aids and Attention-Getting Devices Выбор и применение средств наглядности. Приемы привлечения внимания слушателей
- •5. What Makes Language Difficult to Understand? Что делает устный текст трудным для понимания?
- •6. Writing that Works. Paragraph Unity. Words and Phrases that Commonly Function as Transitional Devices Построение абзаца. Слова и словосочетания для передачи логической связи в тексте
- •7. Examples of Introductions, Conclusions and Acknowledgements Примеры вводной части доклада, заключений и выражения благодарности (признательности)2
- •Introduction
- •8. When You have Written your Paper Когда Вы уже написали текст доклада
- •9. A Model for a Paper Образец для написания научного доклада
- •Part II presenting a paper at a meeting Выступление с докладом на научной встрече
- •1. How to Present a Paper at a Meeting Как выступить с докладам перед аудиторией
- •2. If You are Speaking before the Audience Если Вы выступаете перед аудиторией
- •3. Elements of Delivery Элементы устного выступления
- •4. Conquering Speaking Anxieties Что6ы не бояться устного выступления
- •Remedies for Audience Inattention
- •Dealing with the Wandering Mind
- •Dealing with Speakers Amnesia
- •Dealing with Hecklers
- •Remedies for Hecklers
- •5.Speaker's Self-Evaluation Form Оценивание устного выступления
- •Part III information exchange at a scientific meeting. Listening comprehension Обмен информацией на научной встрече. Восприятие на слух
- •1. Listening Comprehension Восприятие на слух (аудирование)
- •2. Ask Questions when Necessary to listen effectively Для полноценного понимания задавайте вопросы
- •3.Are You a Good Listener? Хорошо ли Вы умеете слушать других?
- •4. Listener Evaluation Sheet Форма для оценивания навыка восприятия на слух
- •Part IV taking part in discussion Участие в обсуждении доклада
- •1. Improve your Communication Skill Развивайте свое умение общаться
- •2. Discussion. Asking and Answering Questions Обсуждение. Обмен вопросами и ответами
- •3. Discussion, Expressing an Opinion Обсуждение. Выражение мнения
- •Supplement Приложение
- •1. Академик а. А. Александров о нравственности в науке, этикете науки
- •2. An Opening Address (a Model) Образец вступительной речи председателя на научной встрече
- •3. Mathematical Formulae Математические формулы
- •Список авторов цитируемых высказываний
- •References Литература
Dealing with Hecklers
Sonic of us Tear that the audience will heckle us about our topic, our beliefs, or ourselves. Unlike the «foot-in-the-mouth» syndrome when we accidentally offend the audience, in this situation, the audience tries to offend and upset the speaker. Generally, the heckler is trying to call attention to himself by discrediting the speaker.
There are several practical ways to deal with hecklers. First, never lose your temper or give back abuse, regardless of the temptation. This will only encourage the heckler, waste everyone's time, and make you the «bad guy». Instead, deal with the heckler firmly but politely. Acknowledge his opinion, thank him for it with a sincere smile, and go on with your presentation. If appropriate, move physically but in a nonthreatening manner toward your adversary. Sometimes closeness will discourage «show-offs».
Remedies for Hecklers
Never lose your temper or return abuse
Deal with hecklers firmly but politely
Use your stage space wisely
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
We have learned to deal with our speaking anxieties. These fears are normal and occur in both beginner and professional presenters. The important thing is to use the energy generated by your anxieties to add enthusiasm and vigor to your presentation. Being well prepared enables you to pay attention to the audience. This lets you know when to vary your presentation by using attention-getting devices or by changing the pace, volume, or speed of your voice.
5.Speaker's Self-Evaluation Form Оценивание устного выступления
Presenter:
Topic/Speech Type:
Thesis: .
Purpose:
Audience:
Presentation Component |
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Needs Improvement |
Comments |
Presentation Content: |
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A. Clear Thesis/Purpose |
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B. Organization |
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C. Density of Information |
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D. Relevance to Audience |
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E. Use of Relevant Examples, Details |
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F. Use of Transitions |
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G. Coherence and Clarity |
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H. Use of Appropriateness of Appeals |
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Attention-Getting / Audience Control Devices |
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A. Pacing and Timing |
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B. Verbals |
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C. Visuals: 1. Quality 2. Use by Speaker |
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D. Audience Papport Control |
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E. Eye contact |
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Voice: 1. Volume 2. Speed of Delivery 3. Tone/Level 4. Accent/Prononciation |
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Gestures/Body Language: 1. Hand Gestures 2. Body Position 3. Posture 4. Use of Stage Space 5. Handling of visuals, objects, etc. |
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Other Comments |
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Plan for Improvement: